Abstract:Moulting is an essential process for the survival of birds. Moulting strategy is related to bird evolution, and adaption. The moulting strategy of two wren warbler species (Prinia flaviventris) and Plain Prinia (P. inornata) was studied. Samples were collected by mist net at Jiangxi village, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China, from March to September, 2007.The measurements of body mass and feather characteristics were taken. The primary feathers were numbered one by one from the outermost (P1) to the innermost (P10), secondary feathers were numbered from the middle (S1) to the innermost (S9), and the tail feathers were numbered from the middle (T1) to each side (T5). The body mass difference between months was performed by one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation was employed to analyze the partial correlation between tail length and tail width (body length as the control variable). Our study found out 1) the two species of wren warbler started to partially change their body feather in March and ended in May within 60 days; 2) their tail feather was completely replaced in spring from the inner pair to the outward one (Fig. 1); 3) the tail length and tail width of the two wren warbler species changed synchronously (Table 1), and the ratio of tail length in the non-breeding season to that in breeding season was larger than the ratio of tail width in the non-breeding season to that in breeding season (Table 2), indicating the tail was broader in breeding season; 4) there was a trend that the two species reduced their body mass during mounting period although with no significant difference (P > 0.05). We presumed that the two wren warbler species would increase their food intake to compensate the energy requirement in the period of breeding and moulting simultaneously occurred. This behavior may indicated that the moult strategy is an adaption to their habitat in which can provide rich food resource.

Abstract:Guangdong is the southernmost province in continental China, bordered to the north by the Nanling mountains and to the south by the South China Sea. As a result of heterogeneous ecological conditions, a diverse avifauna has developed. However, the lack of a modern checklist of birds has hampered wildlife conservation management and scientific research in the province. To redress this situation, we provide a checklist of the birds of Guangdong which follows a modern taxonomy and is based on original bird records from Chinese and foreign publications as well as previously unpublished records. Only species which have been reliably recorded are included. For each species and subspecies, a reference is given to the first record for the province involving a bird or birds of known wild origins. Among the total of 596 taxa listed here for Guangdong are 547 species and 33 subspecies considered to be of wild occurrence and 16 species of ex-captive origins, eight of which may have self-sustaining populations. Of 297 breeding species, except 26 unknown realm species, 211 species (78%) belong to the Oriental realm, 25 species (9%) to the Palearctic realm, 35 species (13%) are widely distributed; migratory species accoint for 69% and resident species only 25 % of the total.

Abstract:By measuring the growth rings of the scales，the age and growth of 358 specimens of Acrossocheilus parallens which were collected from July 2007 to June 2009 in the Beijiang River were studied. The annuli on scales were clear，the pattern of sparseness-denseness was visible in the prezone region while the cut pattern was present on the rear-side region. The annuli on scales was formed once a year, the annuli formation took place primarily between February and March each year. Ages ranged from1+ to5+ years for females, mainly in1+ to 3+ years; and 1+ to 4+ for males, mainly in 1+ to 2+ years for males. The standard length of female ranged from 5.7 to 14.4 cm, with the majority were from 7.0 to 13.0 cm; while the male ranged from 5.7 to 12.6 cm, with the majority were from 7.0 to 11.0 cm. The body weight of female ranged from 4.75 to 108.40 g, but most fish ranged from 10.00 to 30.00g; while the male ranged from 4.02 to 74.92 g, with the majority were from 10.00 to 20.00 g. The relationship between standard length (cm) and body weight (g) was W♀ = 0.017L3.198; and W♂= 0.023L3.025, and W = 0.017L3.167 for the combined sexes. Females and males exhibited statistically significant differences in growth. The relationship between standard length and scale radius (R) was L♀ = 3.126R + 1.869 and L♂ = 2.875R + 2.152. The von Bertalanffy growth arameters based on length-at-age data were L∞ = 17.143 5 cm, k = 0.270 5/a, W∞ = 150.347 4 g，t0 =﹣0.614 6 year for females, and L∞ = 17.236 5 cm，k = 0.226 9/a，W∞ = 126.468 6 g，t0 =﹣0.921 5 year for males. The growth inflexion point were 3.68 years and 3.96 years for females and males, when Li = 11.8 cm, Wi = 45.26 g for females, and Li = 11.5 cm, Wi = 37.60 g for males. To protect the population of A. parallens in Beijiang River, we suggest only fish longer than 10.0 cm (age 3) should be harvested.

Abstract:The critical swimming speed was measured in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli), crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) at 28±1℃ and 10±1℃. The experiment was conducted in the annular flume (Fig 1). It mainly consists of two parts: power part and swimming area. The relationship between flow velocity in the tank and the impeller speed was showed in Fig 2 and the flow velocity could be adjusted by controlling the impeller speed. SPSS 17.0 software was used for data processing. Duncan’s multiple comparison procedure was used to compare the means of different groups. Comparing with the swimming performance among the species with similar length, it was discovered that the absolute critical swimming speed and relatively critical swimming speed of mandarin fish was significantly lower than bighead carp while the absolute critical swimming speed and relatively critical swimming speed of darkbarbel catfish was significantly lower than crucian carp (Table 1). A comparison of the critical swimming speed between two acclimation temperatures (Fig 3), the results showed that the temperature had extremely significant impacts on swimming performance. The critical swimming speed of fish at normal temperature was significantly higher than that at low temperature.

Abstract:Stable isotope analysis is commonly used to study food web structures and material ?ows in a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. The trophic level of 44 fish and three aquatic invertebrate species was analyzed by using δ13C and δ15N analysis (Table 1). Sample collection was executed from Yichuang, Jingzhou, Shishou, Jianli, Chenglingji, Ezhou, Jiujiang and Hukou sections in the middle reaches of Yangtze River from March 2011 to December 2013. In this study, there was significant difference in the δ13C and δ15N values of fishes. The δ13C values ranged from ﹣33.83‰ （Aristichthys nobilis）﹣﹣17.36‰ （Silurus meridionalis） and the δ15N values ranged from 4.83‰ （Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）﹣15.13‰ （Culter alburnus）. The δ13C average values ranged from﹣30.06‰ （Micropercops swinhonis）﹣﹣21.24‰ （Paramisgurnus dabryanus） and the δ15N average values ranged from 6.91‰ （Mastacembelus armatus）﹣14.99‰ （Neosalanx taihuensis）(Figure 1). The trophic level of aquatic organisms in the middle reaches of Yangtze River was 2.42﹣4.88 based on the δ15N values of Bellamya purificata （5.48‰） as the baseline, concentrating primarily on the range of 2.83﹣3.61, and the average trophic level of fishes were 3.28. Trophic level more than 2.83 accounted for 80.85% of the total organisms. The least trophic levels were Mastacembelus armatus （2.42 ± 0.49） and Parabramis pekinensis （2.56 ± 0.52）. The trophic levels more than 4.0 were Neosalanx taihuensis, Coilia brachygnathus, Aristichthys nobilis and Saurogobio dumerili, the values were 4.88 ± 0.01、4.37 ± 0.27、4.32 ± 0.35 and 4.09 ± 0.78, respectively. The trophic levels values of Micropercops swinhonis, Elopichthys bambusa, Siniperca chuatsi, Culter alburnus, Mylopharyngodon piceus and Silurus meridionalis were 3.99、3.92 ± 0.16、3.89 ± 0.27、3.87 ± 0.62、3.59 ± 0.69 and 3.59 ± 0.57, respectively (Figure 2). The objectives of this study were to provide basic scientific data for the assessment and utilization of fishery resources, to provide the important reference value for further researches on the dynamic change of fishery resources’ structure and effect of human activity disturbance in the middle reaches of Yangtze River.

Abstract:The schizothoracinae fishes are mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its adjacent regions, most of which turn into important commercial fishery resources in southwest of China. As the wild population decreased quickly, the research of basic biology becomes essential, especially the interspecific morphological classification, which offers scientific data for the fish conservation and utilization. The interspecific and intraspecific morphological variations of 89 specimens from Kozlov's Schizothoracin (Schizothorax kozlovi) in Wujiang River and 33 specimens of David's Schizothoracin (S. Davidi) in Minjiang River were analyzed by three multivariate analysis methods based on 10 traditional morphological parameters and 20 truss network features. The methods of hierarchical cluster analysis consisted of Euclidean distance and between-groups linkage, and the plots of dendrogram showed highest similarity of S. kozlovi from three collections and contrasted with the lowest of S. Davidi (Fig. 2). In principal component analysis of covariance matrix, 8 principal components were extracted with the cumulative contribution rate of the total variance of 72.762%, and the most contributions of characters were focused on snout and posterior torso (Tab. 3). Based on two steps of discriminant analysis by the method of Wilks’ lambda, 122 specimens were finally divided into two groups and the total discriminant accuracy reached 100% (Fig. 4). All results suggested that two fishes were significantly different from each other, and the distinct differences were snout and posterior torso. The samples of S. kozlovi were from the same population, and S. kozlovi and S. davidi could be identified by the three multivariate analysis methods.

Abstract:To study the distribution of benefits between dominant and subordinate subadult crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) and their behavior responses to social context change- a larger intruding conspecific, we set shelter in the box where the dyad lived and 3 days later noted the occupied number, then introduced a single larger crayfish to the pair of crayfish with established social ranks and taped 30 min behavior of the three. We found that in shelter occupation, 71% of the shelters were occupied by dominant, 7% were by subordinate, 11% were occupied by both and the rest 11% were empty. In intruding and anti-intruding fight, male intruder showed no difference in attacks versus dominant and subordinate, while female mostly chose to begin the fight with the dominant; male dominant had no significant tendency between intruder and initial subordinate, while female prefer to interact with intruder; male subordinate had more aggressions to intruder than to initial dominant, while female subordinate showed few combat and no difference between with intruder and initial dominant. Thus, dominant provide increased access to resources, male and female have different strategy intruding and being intruded, crayfishes with different status show different behavior responses being intruded.

Abstract:Abstract: Sinibrama taeniatus (Nichols) is an endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River, and distribute in Sichuan Province and Chongqing City, China. At present, duo to the loss of habitat after the completion of the Three Gorge Project, and Xiangjiaba Dam Project, and other hydroelectricity project, is was forecasted that the population seizes of the endemic fish (S. taeniatus ) might decreased sharply in the future. So , this paper deals with the reproductive biology of S. taeniatus. 570 specimens were collected during March 2013 to January 2014 from Minjiang River of Meishan city , the first-order tributary of the Yangtze River. The results showed that the main spawning season of S. Taeeniatus population took place from April to May. The minimus size of mature female was 70 mm in length and 7.1 g in weight, while that of mature of the male was 65 mm and 4.5 g.in weight. The sex-ratio of males and females was 1:1.56 (χ2, P < 0.01) in the population. The population included 4 age-groups and most of them matured an 1-year-old. The gonadosomatic index (GIS) began to increase in March, and wit reached to the peak in May. On the contrary, fullniss decreased to the lowest in the same time. The egg dameter distribution in the ovary was unimodal at mature stage indication that the fish was a total spawner. The absolute fecundity of the mature females varied from 301 to 8789 eggs, with an average of (2734±258) eggs. And the relative fecundity to body weight varied from 15 to 1003 eggs per gram, with and average of (236±20) eggs per gram. The absolute fecundity for the mature females increased with body length, body weight, but the indexes of the both were not obvious.

Abstract:In intensive aquaculture, the choice of diet in initial feeding stage have important effects on growth and survival in fish larvae, even all the whole life history. The aim of this study was to find out a kind of diet, which is more suitable for development and survival of Polyodon spathala larvae during initial feeding stage. A total of six different diets, known as unenriched artemia nauplii group, enriched artemia nauplii with yolk group, enriched artemia nauplii with fish oil group, unenriched copepodid larva group, enriched copepodid larva with yolk group and enriched copepodid larva with yolk group, were fed to paddlefish Polyodon spathala larvae in initial feeding for 14 days. The growth and survival of Polyodon spathala larvae were monitored and recorded, then the effects of six different diet groups on digestive enzymes activity were analyzed. The results indicated that all four statistical index, such as final weight, final length, daily weight gain (DWG) and survival rate (SR), were significantly higher in the three groups fed with copepodid larva than other three groups fed with artemia nauplii in Tab. 1 (P＜0.05). Impressively, SR was less than 50% in enriched artemia nauplii with fish oil group, but more than 86% in unenriched copepodid larva group in Tab. 1. Though growth pattern equations of six diet groups all fitted well, the weight and length growth curves revealed Polyodon spathala larvae grew quickly after 8 d in copepodid larva groups, but all three artemia nauplii groups always were significantly slow in Fig. 1-3. Pepsin activity in unenriched copepodid larva group was higher than other five groups in Fig. 4 (P＜0.05). In addition, the effects of six diets on amylase activity were not significantly different in Fig. 6 (P＞0.05). Collectively, Polyodon spathala larvae fed with unenriched copepodid larva grouphad significantly high survival rate, and that of enriched copepodid larva with yolk group grew quickly. Therefore, above evidences suggested copepodid larva diet is much better choice than artemia nauplii diet for Polyodon spathala larvae during initial feeding stage.

Abstract:The bottleneck which is low hatching rate and low survival rate of larva restrict development of fish, in order to improve the rate of hatch and survival of larva, Taken Carassius auratus gibelio (C.auratus gibelio) as the main target, different concentration of vitamin C solution were added to hatching water of C. auratus gibelio, until the yolk sac disappeared completely. The concentration of vitamin c were 0 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 30 mg/L and 35 mg/L. The hatching rate and survival rate of larvae were recorded during the process of experiment, and the contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, the activity of lactic dehydrogenase and total antioxidant capacity during early development of C.auratus gibelio were analyzed, which immersed in optimal concentration of vitamin C group and control group. The results showed that: ⑴The rate of hatch and survival of larva increased when the concentration of vitamin C lower than 30 mg/ L, higher concentration of vitamin C solution(more than 30 mg/ L) restrained the rate of hatch and survival of larva, and the rate of hatch and survival of larva reached highest as the concentration of vitamin C was 30 mg/ L.⑵The contents of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase were showed “up-down”trend, and these three indexes reached hightest in mig-gastrocoel stage, while the total antioxidant capacity increased during early development of C.auratus gibelio.⑶The contents of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase of vitamin c group were significantly lower than that of control group, while the total antioxidant capacity significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The research showed that: ⑴The oxidative damages during embryonic period were severely than that of postembryonic of C. auratus gibelio .⑵ Appropriate vitamin c solution ( 30 mg/L) vitamin C solution were added to hatching water could improve the antioxidant capacity during embryonic period, and effectively reduce the oxidative damage , and improve the rate of hatch and survival of larva.

Abstract:The bullfrog （Rana catesbeiana）, which belongs to Anura, Ranidae and Rana, is one of the important economic farmed animals in China. The morphologic of the peripheral hematocytes in the bullfrog has not yet received enough attention. In this study, we observed the composition and morphology of the peripheral blood cells from 20 individuals (each 10 for male and female) using Wright's staining under the light microscope or the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The diameters of various hematocytes and their nuclei in shortest and longest axises were measured using routine methods, and the experimental date were analyzed by SPSS19.0.The results showed that the peripheral hematocytes of the bullfrog were composed of erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte. The mean size of erythrocytes in length × width was 25.68 ± 1.88 μm × 16.49 ± 1.53 μm (Table 1). The surface of erythrocyte was smooth under the SEM (PlateⅡ). Typically, Thrombocyte was ovoid or spindle in shape (PlateⅠ) and it was the smallest blood cell with mean size were 8.62 ± 1.04 μm × 7.47 ± 1.11 μm (Table 1). Leukocytes consisted of lymphocyte, monocyte, plasmacyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil. Under the SEM, the surfaces of various leukocytes were rough with many irregular protrusions (PlateⅡ). Lymphocytes including small and large lymphocytes occupied higher percent, small lymphocytes were found approximately to be 32.66% ± 4.29% of the total leukocyte, large lymphocytes accounted for about 6% (Table 1). The number of the basophils was the least in the leukocytes, only accounted for about 4.78% ± 0.83% (Table 1). Plasmacytes were typically elliptical in shape (PlateⅠ), and their sizes varied obviously around the mean size 23.51 ± 0.59 μm × 22.86 ± 0.67 μm (Table 1). In addition, the quantitative proportion of the lymphocyte, basophil and plasmacyte and the size of lymphocyte and basophil were influenced by gender（P < 0.05）.

Abstract:The reproductive system of Platevindex mortoni has been observed and studied in detail. The reproductive system is mainly composed of hermaphroditic gland, albumen gland, mucous gland, female reproductive system and male reproductive system. The female reproductive system was consisted of oviduct, spermatheca and vagina, and the male reproductive system was included vas deferens, seminal vesicle and penis. Compared with the reproductive system of Onchidium struma, find that they have some difference in the male reproductive system, the O. struma have a spiral penis with accessory penial gland while the Platevindex mortoni have a straight penis without any accessory gland. The anatomy of un-copulation individuals, find that their seminal vesicle were full of slender spermatozoa, while the spermatheca without any spermatozoa. The result shows that the mature own-spermatozoa were store in seminal vesicle. Anatomy of the copulationed individuals which act as a female role, their spermatheca were full of moving stubby spermatozoa, the result shows that the spermatheca were the place where donor- spermatozoa store. Vas deferens and male mating organ were observed in detail, and the transportation route of spermatozoa was also analyzed. The mature spermatozoa were transferred by hermaphrodite duct from hermaphroditic gland to seminal vesicle, then convey via vas deferens to penis, during the copulation, penis transport the spermatozoa to the vagina, finally enter spermatheca, when ova matured, transferred by oviduct to spermatheca, the sperm fertilized ova in the spermatheca.

Abstract:We carried out a survey to understand avian influenza virus infection (AIV) status in the captive wild birds farms at Eastern Dongting Lake, China. We collected 1 997 environmental samples, including fresh fecal and water samples, from 4 captive wild birds farms in the Eastern Dongting Lake area from November 2011 to October 2013. Environmental samples were tested for the presence of avian influenza virus using quantitative PCR assays and virus isolation techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS and excel software. AIV prevalence of partly samples was 36.62%, and it was the highest (47.83%) in March 2012 (figure 2). The positive rate of AIV from fecal samples and water samples was 40.45%, 30.19% (table 1), respectively, and there is no statistical difference between the both by χ2 test. We isolated 26 and 2 AIVs from the fecal samples and drinking water, respectively, including H10, H4, H5, and N7, N8. Most AIVs were in November and December (figure 1), from fecal samples of wild ducks in Junshan district primarily (table 2). The AIVs were found from the environmental samples in the captive wild birds farms, and the measure that monitoring AIV in Dongting lake throughout the year should be implemented in.

Abstract:An important environmental selection pressure impending signal detection is ambient noise. Vertebrates use a number of strategies to avoid signal masking by anthropogrnic noise, including increasing call duration, frequency and amplitude. We tested wether traffic noise level influenced echolocation behavior in Vespertilio superans under nature condition. We recorded the echolocation calls emitted by two groups of bats which were flying in different traffic noise level. The results showed that only call frequency raised in respond to high traffic noise, including starting frequency (T test: p < 0.001), peak frequency (Mann-Whitney U: p < 0.001), ending frequency (Mann-Whitney U: p < 0.001) and bandwidth (T test: p < 0.05), instead of call duration (T test: p > 0.05) and slope (Mann-Whitney U: p > 0.05). These results indicate that the echolocation calls of Vespertilio superans have significant plasticity in traffic noise.

Abstract:From April to August. in 2012 and April to August. in 2013, Habitat use and breeding ecology of Emberiza elegan was direct observation. The results show that, Emberiza eleganu often form a small group activities in the mountain stream gently the broad-leaved forest and the meadow and shrub hill, rarely in coniferous forest .During the breeding period is from April to June. Nest-building lasted 7～8 days, and structure of nest was in 3 layers. Clutch size was 3～6 and incubation period lasted 12～13days. Nestling remained in nests for 11～12 days. And the Growth data of nestling body length, fifth primaries, tail length, mouth long, the peak of tarsometatarsal is measured.

Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate distribution regularities and morphological characteristics of the Ghrelin immunoreactive cells in the digestive tract of adult Chinese Yellow Quail(Coturnix japonica). Ten Chinese Yellow Quail (five male and five female) which age were 9 weeks were killed by jugular vein blood, and the every segment of the digestive tract were immediately fixed in neutral formalin. After fixation for 24 h, tissues were dehydrated, paraffin-embedded, sectioned into 5 μm slices. Sections were stained with Immunohistochemistry SABC. The number of Ghrelin positive cells was evaluated in the every segment of the digestive tract using Nikon image analysis software, For each segment of the digestive tract, ten random fields (at ×400 magnification) were quantified, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance, and Dunnett’s test was employed for multiple comparisons (SPSS 17.0 software). The results showed that Ghrelin positive cells were observed in the proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum of Chinese yellow quail(Fig.1).Their distribution density were 30.70±6.50, 26.90±5.10, 25.30±4.27, 11.40±4.14 and 1.70 + 1.56, respectively. There was a trend of gradually decreasing from the proventriculus to the cecum. Ghrelin positive cells were mainly distributed in the proventriculus leaves, intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal glandular epithelium and intestinal lamina propria. The shapes of Ghrelin positive cells were spherical, long columnar and triangle. In conclusion, Ghrelin positive cells were widely distributed in the digestive tract of adult Chinese Yellow Quail. According to the morphology of Ghrelin positive cells in the digestive tract Chinese Yellow Quail, the Ghrelin positive cells might have exocrine and endocrine functions.

Abstract:A immunohistochemical (ABC methods) methods was used to study the 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) cells generant process in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the postembryonic development of Rana amurensis . The result show that the 5-HT positive cells were first found in the stomach at stage 38,and first found in the Small and large intestine at stage 41.With the development of the gastrointestinal tract, the location of the 5-HT cells were changed a lot, between the mucosal epithelium, the basal part or the between alveolar epithelial cells. But the shape of cells not have clearly changed, they were mainly round, ellipse, cone-shape and shuttle-shaped.The occurs time of 5-HT cells,the location and shape were conformable with needs of growth, and the function of each segment of the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract:Influences of different NaCl salinity (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9) and NaHCO3 alkalinity (1.00 mmol/L, 10.00 mmol/L, 15.85 mmol/L, 25.12 mmol/L, 39.81 mmol/L, 63.10 mmol/L) on hatching rate, deformity rate of the embryos, and 24, 48h survival rate of newly hatched larvae of Songpu mirror carp (Cynipus carpio) and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) were investigated in this study. The significant differences between the results and salinity or alkalinity were analysed with Duncan’s multuple comparison by using SPSS 17.0 software. ① The results of the experiments about salinity showed that the high hatching rates of Songpu mirror carp were observed when the salinity ranged from 0 to 1, which was 72.40% ± 6.09% on average. The deformity rates of Songpu mirror carp were lower obviously at salinities 0 to 3 than other groups, and the mean deformity rate was 6.02% ± 1.87%, meanwhile, the mean 48h survival rate was 94.99% ± 6.44%. For Gibel carp, high hatching rates were observed at salinities from 0 to 3, which was 68.03% ± 15.44% on average. The deformity rates of Gibel carp were low obviously at salinities 0 to 5, and the mean deformity rate was 7.95% ± 3.24%, meanwhile, the mean 48 h survival rate reached 88.52% ± 9.19% (Fig.1). ② The results of the experiments about alkalinity showed that the high hatching rate of these two fishes were observed when the alkalinity ranged from 1.00 to 25.12 mmol/L, and it was 47.96% ± 8.43% for Songpu mirror carp and 66.23% ± 18.11% for Gibel carp on average. The deformity rates of these two fishes were lower significantly when the alkalinity ranged from 1 to 15.85 mmol/L, and it was 12.47% ± 3.77% for Songpu mirror carp and 12.46% ± 8.44% for Gibel carp on average. When the alkalinity ranged from 1 to 15.85 mmol/L, the mean 48h survival rate of Songpu mirror carp was 96.16% ± 5.04%, and the mean 48h survival rate of Gibel carp was 85.62% ± 3.73% (Fig.2). In conclusion, for Songpu mirror carp and gibel carp, the suitable salinity for the hatch of fertilized eggs and the survival of larvae should be lower than 3, and the suitable alkalinity should be lower than 15 mmol/L.

Abstract:Zokors (Mysopalacinae) are a group of subterranean rodent species endemic to East Asia. They naturally inhabit prairie and meadow habitats. These animals play the important ecological roles in the ecosystem they inhabit, as ecosystem engineers that have positive roles in the ecosystem functions and as grassland pests in some areas that contribute towards grassland degradation. Despite the importance of these species, their taxonomic status has still been subject to debate and phylogenetic relationships between species of Myospalacinae are still unclear. This paper reviews the taxonomic studies of Mysopalacinae and proposes future systematic research directions for Mysopalacinae, in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationship between species of Myospalacinae. Such knowledge is important for management of zokors and other researches.

Abstract:Two Phalaropes were observed in the National Urban Wetland Park of Baihe (32°57 ′02″N,112°30′32″E,116m) on August 29, 2014. It is identified as Red-necked Phalarope (Phalarpus lobatus), which is reported in Henan province for the first time.

Abstract:A dead body of female sub-adult Crow-billed Drongo (Dicrurus annectans) was found on Oct 16, 2014, in Pome (Bomi) County, Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region (94°50′47.68″E, 30°21′03.54″N, Alt.2473m). This is the first record of Crow-billed Drongo in Tibet Autonomous Region except the disputed area controlled by India.

Abstract:Muscicapa muttui Found in Shimen of Hunan Province