Abstract:Effects of different waterborne mercury(Hg²⁺)(0,10,50,100,200,300 μg/L)on accumulation of mercury in the gills of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis were studied by singe gradient factor experiments.Gills of E.sinensis accumulated mercury rapidly from water environment after 40 days' exposed period.The contents of mercury in gills were 4.56,25.53 and 46.51 μg/g dry weight in 10,50 and 100 μg/L Hg²⁺ waterborne groups,whose values were significantly(P<0.05)higher than control groups.The contents of mercury were 183.75 and 283.36 μg/g dry weight in 200 and 300 μg/L Hg²⁺ groups and the accumulation rate attained to 910.35 and 939.60.Light microscopic examination showed that the histoarchitecture of gills were changed greatly in low Hg²⁺ level groups,the changes included the epithelial cells distended,the gill lamellae enlarged,the tips of gill filament swelled seriously.In the 300 μg/L groups,the normal structures of the whole gill lamellae were destroyed completely.The correlation of the accumulation of mercury in gills of E.sinensis to the concentrations of Hg²⁺ in water was analyzed by biostatistics method,and showed that there was dramatic correlation between them.Exposure to high concentrations groups Hg²⁺(mercury chloride)was found to result in several alterations in the histoarchitecture of the gills of E.sinensis,and such alterations could affect vital physiological functions,such as respiration,osmotic and ionic regulations of gills,which in turn could ultimately affect the survival and growth of E.sinensis.

Abstract:We determined 35 complete mitochondrial control region sequences of Coilia nasus from 3 populations,which included Jiuduansha area(JJ)in Yangtze River estuary,Qiantangjiang River estuary(QT)and Zhoushan Island(ZS),to analyze their sequence variation and genetic structure.Sequence lengths of the control region in individuals of C.nasus were 1 214-1 291 bp,which revealed that the control region sequence of C.nasus had length polymorphism.Sequence length polymorphism caused mainly by one or two times of 38 bp of "CTA TGT ATT ATA TTA CAT ATA TTA TGG TAT AGT ACA TA" segment repeats.Genetic structure analysis showed a high level genetic diversity of C.nasus(h=0.998 3,π=0.026 2),which indicated that C.nasus had high evolutionary potential.The high level of N_m values(9.90-40.62)and very low F_ST values(0.012-0.053),the average K 2-P distances,as well as the AMOVA analysis all revealed that the C.nasus around Yangtze River estuary had no obviously geographical differentiation.However,the phylogenetic tree estimated by neighbor-joining(NJ)methods indicated that the individuals of C.nasus formed two monophyletic lineages,and the two lineages without correlation with geographical populations.Based on molecular clock theory,the two lineages might share a common ancestor approximately 35-47 thousand years ago.

Abstract:Immunohistochemical and morphometric methods were used in the present study to investigate the distribution and senescence-related changes of GFAP-immunoreactivity(IR)in the retina of lizard Gekko swinhonis.The results showed that the GFAP-IR was mainly localized in the vitread endfeet and inner part of the radial trunks of the Müller cells through tout the retina.Compared with adult lizards,the old lizards had a significant increase in the optical density(OD)and the percentage of GFAP-IR in the retinas.At the same time,the GFAP-IR Müller cells in the old lizards showed shorter minor diameters.All the results suggest that Müller cells probably participate in the senescencing processes of the retina by the mediation of the higher GFAP expression and lower decompositon.

Abstract:Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing methods were used to analyze the genetic variation between Bambusicola thoracica and B.fytchii.A total of 1 142 nucleotides of the mitochondrial DNA control region were sequenced.There are 32 variable positions,with 20 transitions and 10 transversions.The nucleotide composition of B.thoracica mtDNA D-loop was:34.26% T,25.98% C,24.84% A and 14.96% G.That of B.fytchii was:34.47% T,25.60% C,25.03% A and 14.93% G.There were very significant differences in T and C nucleotide composition between the two bamboo partridges.The phylogenetic tree grouped two bamboo partridges into two deeply divergent clusters(supported by BP=100%).Genetic distance was 0.039 6 between the two partridges.Calibrated rates of molecular evolution suggested that they could have speciated 2.00 million years ago,affected by the Pleistocene second frigid.

Abstract:Activin plays an essential role in the neuroprotection as a nerve survival factor.Activin receptor-interacting protein1(ARIP1)has been recently discovered in mouse brain as a regulator of activin signal transduction,however,its distribution pattern is not well characterized.In this study,the expression of ARIP1 mRNA and localization of mature ARIP1 protein in mouse tissues were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunohistochemistry,respectively.ARIP1 mRNA expression was detectable in cerebrum,cerebellum,extra-brain tissues such as pituitary,adrenal gland and testis.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ARIP1-like immunoreactivity protein was mainly localized in hypothalamus and hippocampus of the cerebrum,Purkinje cells of the cerebellum,neurohypophysis and basophilic cells of adenohypophysis of the pituitary,adrenal cortex of the suprarenal gland,and Leydig cells of the testis.These data suggest that ARIP1 may participate in not only the regulation of activin signal transduction of nerve cells,but also the regulation of function in neural endocrine gland.

Abstract:By means of switching mechanism at 5' end of RNA transcript(SMART)technology,single matured porcine MⅡ oocyte cDNAs were amplified.Meanwhile,the mRNA was amplified from the single porcine oocyte cDNA products using T7 RNA polymerase based in vitro transcription technology(IVT),and the aRNA concentration reached 1.962 μg.Smart technology combined with IVT technology,mRNA has augmented 2.3×10⁴ times,and this amount could meet the cDNA array and other high throughput screening requirements.Based on this research,a feasible platform has been established to carry out high throughput screening researches for precious and rare biological materials.

Abstract:Energy intake of Black-necked Bar-tailed Pheasants(Syrmaticus humiae),was measured in biological garden of Guangxi Normal University from Oct.2005 to Sep.2006.Six 4-year adults and six juveniles kept in cage were involved this experiment.The amount of food taken by pheasants was calculated by subtract the remaining from the food provided every day.All the excrements of trial pheasants were daily collected.The energy contained in the food and excrements was measured to get the net energy intake.The results showed that the gross energy consumption,metabolic energy and excrement energy varied seasonally and that was increase as temperature decreasing.There is significant difference in gross energy consumption,metabolic energy,excrement energy between adults and juveniles.There is a trend that the food digestibility of pheasants was increases as temperature increasing.In the same season,the food digestibility of adults was higher than that of juveniles.A minimum metabolic energy was detected in the 4-year adults and juveniles group in August.A further study is need to determine whether 30℃ is the optimal temperature for the Black-necked Bar-tailed Pheasants.

Abstract:To explore the patterns and functions of bridging behavior,we studied the bridging behavior of YA₁ colony of Tibetan Macaque（Macaca thibetana）from March to May in 2007 at Mt.Huangshan,Anhui Province,China.The results indicated that the frequency of this behavior was significantly different at different time period（t=3.912,df=10,P<0.01）.Adult male monkeys were the main doers（Z=-2.188 8,P<0.05）and recipients（Z=-2.523 8,P<0.05）of bridging process.Within the same age group,sex didn't influence rates of initiating（Z=-1.755,P>0.05）but did influence rates of receiving（Z=-2.201,P<0.05）.Bridging partners mainly used infants（F=6.735,df=2,P<0.05）as the bridging medium and preferred to using male infants（Z=-2.437,P<0.05）.Moreover,mothers' social rank influenced frequency of their infants used as bridging medium in bridging process（Z=-3.724,P<0.01）;partners mostly used high-ranking mothers' infants.Males（F=2.947,df=4,P<0.05）and females（F=5.320,df=4,P<0.05）mostly performs pattern Ⅰ bridging behavior.Females usually chose relatives as the bridging medium（Z=-2.490,P<0.05）,but males didn't show obvious selectivity for the maternal offsprings（Z=-0.866,P>0.05）.In conclusion,the short-term research indicate that social bridging behavior in Tibetan Macaques social group mainly occurs in pattern Ⅰ and it has function of alleviation the competing pressure among individuals.The kinship may not be the primary factor affecting choosing the bridging behavior medium.

Abstract:In order to optimize the protocols for Cynomolgus Monkey(Macaca fascicularis)sperm cryopreservation,the effects of glycerol concentration [3%,5%,7% and 11%(v/v)] and equilibration time(10,30,60 and 90 min)on cryopreservation of spermatozoa of Cynomolgus Monkey were studied.A modified TTE(mTTE)dilution solution was used and the sperm motility,morphology,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were examined before freezing and post-thawing.When 30 min equilibration was applied,the post-thawing motility and recovery rates was significantly higher than those when 90 min or 120 min equilibration(P<0.05).The effect of 30 min equilibration was also better than that of 60 min equilibration.The post-thawing motility and recovery rate of spermatozoa was significantly higher(P<0.05)for 3% and 5% glycerol groups than those for 11% glycerol group,and the effect of 3% and 5% glycerol was also better than 7% glycerol.The different glycerol concentrations and equilibration time showed similar effects on the membrane integrity,acrosomal integrity and malformation rate(P<0.05).The results suggest that addition of 3% or 5% glycerol and 30 min equilibration are beneficial for freezing Cynomolgus Monkey spermatozoa.

Abstract:The bird species and population size at four sampled fish ponds were recorded in Hongzehu Lake Wetland(33°06'-33°07'N,118°29'-118°30'E)in two winters(2005 and 2006),and one spring(2006).The size of four fish ponds was 157 hm².Total of 19 species of wader birds were recorded during the study period,10 species in winter and 15 species in spring respectively.The quantity of wader birds occurred in winter was much higher than that in spring.The population size of the four major species varied dramatically during their staying period,which indicates that they are on the way of migration.Two behaviors,resting and foraging,were occurred observed at naked mud and shallow water area.The special fishing pattern at the ponds provides winter habitats for the waders.

Abstract:Macrozoobenthic community was investigated seasonally at 12 sampling stations in Lake Nanyi of Anhui,from July 2002 to July 2004 for providing academic data for rational utilization of aquatic resources and ecological strategy for fishery resources.A total of 39 species were obtained.The highest biomass and density were presented in the winter of 2003 and the lowest density in the summer of 2004.Mollusca was by far the most dominant group,its dominant species were Corbicula fluminea,Bellamya purificata,B.aeruginosa and Alocinma longicornis.The annual average value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef diversity index and Pielou index were 0.83,0.51 and 0.77 respectively.The results showed that the species number,biodiversity,standing stock of macrozoobenthos community were much higher in the west area than in the east area of the lake.After the construction of a reservoir,the ecological characteristics of macrozoobenthos in the lake changes very much,which results in the significant drop of the standing stock of the macrozoobenthos.

Abstract:Zhongshan City,located in the delta of Pearl River in Guangdong Province,covers an area of 1 800 km2,with various water bodies including rivers,streams,reservoirs and ponds.Previously,the fauna of freshwater Oligochaeta in this area has not been studied.Based on the surveys in 16 water bodies conducted in June and December,2005,a total of 31 species(including 19 species new to Guangdong Province)of aquatic oligochaetes belonging to 16 genera and 4 families are recorded from Zhongshan City.Faunistic analysis has shown that Zhongshan area has more thermophilus species than northern areas of China.Aulophorus flabelliger of Naididae is recorded from China for the first time,and described as follows.Aulophorus flabelliger Stephenson,1931(Fig.2)Material:IHB GD2005006a-b,two whole-mounted specimens;IHB GD2005006c-d,two glycerine-mounted specimens;GD2005006e,one specimen in 10% formalin;all from plant roots in Beitaiyong stream(22°26'29.7″N,113°22'34.9″E)of Zhongshan in June,2005.The specimens are deposited in the Institute of Hydrobiology(IHB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,in Wuhan,China.,Description:Five complete preserved specimens about 3 mm long,0.18 mm wide,21-26 segments.Body was transparent.No eyes.Dorsal chaetae from VI onwards.1 hair per bundle,72-76 μm long.1 palmate needle per bundle,44-48 μm long,2.7-2.9 μm thick,with nodulus distal;teeth strongly diverging,maximally 12 μm wide,distal one 12 μm long and proximal 10 μm long,with web and 20-25 intermediate teeth.Ventral bifids of Ⅱ-Ⅴ 3-5 per bundle,90-102 μm long,2.4-2.5 μm thick,longer and thinner than the rest,with nodulus proximal;distal tooth 5.0 μm long and proximal 2.9 μm long.Those following 3-4 per bundle,44-52 μm long,1.9 μm thick,with nodulus distal;distal tooth much shorter and thinner than proximal(1.5 μm∶2.9 μm in length,0.7 μm∶2.1 μm in base thickness).Branchial fossa with 3 pairs of long,cylindrical gills,and a pair of finger-like parallel palps.Portable tube about 4 mm long,0.24 mm wide,delicate and transparent.Remarks:This tropical species was originally described from Kenya^[18],and subsequently reported from Somalia^[14],Australia^[12],India^[15] and southern USA^[13].Our material conforms to the previous descriptions(op.cit.)in most aspects,but needles are different to some extent(Table 2).Under an oil immersion objective,needles of our specimens were found to have numerous intermediate teeth,which have not been mentioned before.The forms of specimens from Somalia and India were reported to have web indentations near distal teeth of needles,and those from Kenya,Australia and USA near proximal teeth.The authors are of the opinion that the difference in needles is a matter of observation,for the numerous teeth are rather difficult to be distinguished from the web;under a 40× objective,the needles of Zhongshan worms were similar to the published drawings.In addition,hairs and needles of the present specimens are somewhat shorter than those in the previous descriptions.Distribution and habitat:Zhongshan of South China(new record),India,East Africa(Kenya,Somalia),Australia,and USA(Louisiana);all tropical and subtropical regions(31°N-29°S).Decomposing roots of water-plant in ponds and streams.