[Objectives] This study aims to explore the relationship between the land surface temperature of the historical distribution area of Amur Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) and the habitat suitability in the Greater and the Lesser Khingan Mountains. In addition, it aims to test the theoretical hypothesis that land surface temperature influences the spatial distribution of herbivores through its impact on the distribution and growth of vegetation, thereby affecting the habitat suitability of Amur Tigers. [Methods] We used the land surface temperature inversion data of the Greater and the Lesser Khingan Mountains in 2022 to systematically study the land surface temperature distribution pattern in historical distribution area of Amur Tigers and explored the internal relationship between land surface temperature distribution and habitat suitability with the pixel-by-pixel analysis method. [Results] The low temperature area in the study area was mainly concentrated in the north and west of the Greater Khingan Mountains and the high-altitude area in the middle of the Lesser Khingan Mountains. Moreover, the low temperature area in the Greater Khingan Mountains had lower temperature and wider distribution than that in the Lesser Khingan Mountains (Figs. 2 and 3). There was a correlation between habitat suitability of Amur Tigers and land surface temperature in the Lesser Khingan Mountains. Specifically, the unsuitable habitats for Amur Tigers were mainly in the area with low average land surface temperature and lower average temperature during the growing season. As the land surface temperature increased, the areas of sub-suitable habitats and suitable habitats increased. The sub-suitable habitats and the suitable habitats of Amur Tigers had a greater correlation with the region with higher land surface temperature, and higher land surface temperature was one of the more suitable living conditions for Amur Tigers. [Conclusion] The results can provide a theoretical basis and basic data for habitat restoration, population restoration, and ecological corridor construction in the historical distribution area of Amur Tigers, and have practical reference value for the population restoration and protection of wild Amur Tigers in the historical distribution area of China.