Plasticity of pivotal temperatures in Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans): Dual effects of seasonal shift and steroid hormones
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1.College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040; 2.Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Complex Traits and Protein Machines in Organisms, Harbin 150040, China

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    Abstract:

    [Objectives] Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in reptiles is increasingly threatened by climate warming. The pivotal temperature (Tpiv) for the 1:1 sex ratio of reptiles shows seasonal variations and is regulated by steroid hormones. [Methods] Using Trachemys scripta elegans as a model, this study explored how maternal laying-season differences and exogenous steroid hormone treatment affected the plasticity of embryos’ critical temperature. Turtle eggs were incubated at male-producing (26.0 ℃), intermediate (28.5 ℃ and 29.0 ℃), and female-producing (31.0 ℃) temperatures, with specific exogenous steroid-hormone treatments (aldosterone, cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone). Inter-group differences in female sex ratio were assessed by Chi-square tests. On the basis of temperature-dependent sex ratio data, binary logistic regression models were adopted to fit the temperature-sex response curves, from which the Tpiv and the transitional range of temperatures (TRT, producing 25% ~ 75% females) were estimated. [Results] (1) Late-season embryos had higher heat sensitivity, with Tpiv 0.62 ℃ lower and TRT 44% narrower than early-season embryos (Fig. 2). (2) Exogenous estradiol and progesterone had strong feminizing effects (Table 2), inducing 93.3% ~ 96.7% female offspring even at the male-producing temperature (26.0 ℃). (3) Exogenous cortisol and aldosterone finely regulated Tpiv thresholds (max ΔTpiv = +0.30 ℃) and TRT widths (0.06 ~ 0.90 ℃) (Fig. 3). (4) Crucially, exogenous testosterone showed significant feminizing effects at intermediate temperatures (28.5 ℃ and 29.0 ℃, Table 2). [Conclusion] This study shows that maternal seasonal laying time and embryo responses to exogenous hormone signals work together, dynamically adjusting heat-sensitivity thresholds (Tpiv and TRT) to significantly change embryo sex-determination patterns.

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HU Sheng-Nan, ZHANG Jia-Jun, YE Yin-Zi. 2026. Plasticity of pivotal temperatures in Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans): Dual effects of seasonal shift and steroid hormones. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 61(3): 376-384.

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  • Received:July 08,2025
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  • Online: June 17,2026
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