[Objectives] Saiga Antelope (Saiga tatarica) is a class I wildlife in China and a world-class endangered species. Its origin is mainly in high cold and low oxygen areas, while the existing population mainly inhabits the desert and semi desert grassland in Central Asia. Neuroglobin is a kind of globulin with the ability of blood oxygen transport and storage in vertebrates, which plays an important physiological role in the process of animal adaptation to hypoxia. [Methods] In order to explore the mechanism of tolerance to hypoxia in Saiga Antelope, the distribution and expression of neuroglobin in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of Saiga Antelope were studied by Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. [Results] The results of Immunohistochemistry showed that NGB protein was distributed in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of Saiga Antelope, and the positive expression of NGB protein was mainly distributed in the cardiomyocytes, liver cells, lymphocytes, alveolar cells and glomerular endothelial cells in the white pulp area of the spleen (Fig. 1). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of NGB in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of Saiga Antelope was different. The expression of spleen was the highest, and the expression of heart was the second, both of which were significantly higher than that of liver, lung and kidney (P < 0.05). The expression of liver was higher than that of kidney and lung (P < 0.05), the difference between the expression of kidney and lung was not significant (P > 0.05), and the expression of lung was the lowest (Fig. 2). [Conclusion] The above studies showed that NGB was positive in the main organs of Saiga Antelope, and the expression of NGB in different viscera organs was different, which indicated that NGB might be involved in the oxygen utilization process of these visceral organs. The specific mechanism will need to be further explored.