The population size and winter habitat selection of the wild Tianshan Red Deer (Cervus elaphus songaricus) in Hami Mountains of Xinjiang were investigated by using line transects method and remote sensing (RS) technology from December 2010 to January 2011. Twenty eight line transects of 60.1 km in length were distributed in the study area estimated 596.295 km² in size at different habitat. Total of 233 deer were counted. And the average population density was 2.83±1.01 ind/km² and the population size was estimated at 1 684.56±379.71, respectively. The population density and population size were slightly increased compared to the estimation made in 1993. The Ratio of female to male was 2.24:1. The number of fawns and sub-adults were more than adults and old individuals, which demonstrated that a growing tendency of the deer population. Based on the field observation and habitat characters by the LANDSAT TM/ETM+ satellite image in 2006, the habitat of the study area was classified as coniferous forests, meadow land, shrubs, farmland and gobi. Among them, the suitable habitats for the red deer were coniferous forests and shrubs.