By the method of focal sampling, instantaneous scan sampling and all-occurrence recoding, we observed six territory behaviors, included fighting, threatening, displacing, chasing, forehead scrap-marking and defecating-marking, of 6 captive male Chinese Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis) from August 2011 to April 2012 in the Huaxia Park of Pudong, Shanghai. The fecal testosterones were analyzed by radio-immunoassays to investigate the correlation between hormone and territory behaviors. The results indicated that there were significant differences in fighting, threatening, displacing, chasing, and defecating-marking among months (P<0.05, one-way ANOVA analysis). The deer spent significantly more time on all of the six behaviors in November. There were significant differences in fighting, threatening, forehead scrap-marking and defecating-marking between estrus (from October 2011 to January 2012) and non-estrus (September 2011, from February 2012 to April 2012) (P<0.05, Independent samples T test). The deer spent significantly more time on all of the six behaviors in estrus. In estrus, the fecal testosterone concentration level increased obviously than in non- estrus, and it reached the highest level in December (51.16±9.85 ng/g). The fecal testosterone levels were closely correlated with threatening, forehead scrap-marking, defecating-marking and fighting.