Tibetan Bunting (Emberiza koslowi) is a poorly known bird endemic to eastern Tibetan Plateau. In order to understand its distribution, population and life history, since 2005 a six-year long observation has been conducted around Baiyu of Jiuzhi County, Golok Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. Results show that the distribution range of Tibetan Bunting is around 3 500-4 700 meters above sea level and mainly in Yushu and Golok of Qinghai as well as a small region in A’ba of Sichuan. Compared with previous knowledge, this range is at a higher altitude, and more northeast and restricted. Using line transect method, a stable population of 18-33 individuals has been identified in a 7.4 km² study site. Besides, nesting, breeding and agonistic behaviors of this group are described in detail. Major threats posed on Tibetan Bunting are found to be predation by carnivores, food insufficiency during winter and eggs being trampled by livestock. Since long-term monitoring has been conducted, we find that the population has been stabilizing through establishing community conserved area and working with local herdsmen on targeted conservation actions.