In order to explore the relationship between the echolocation call or signal of leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros armiger) and frequency tuning of inferior collicular neurons, the echolocation calls of the leaf-nosed bats were recorded using bat detector and frequency tuning curves (FTCs) of inferior collicular (IC) neurons were obtained by extracellular recording. The results showed that the echolocation calls of the leaf-nosed bats were constant frequency-frequency modulation (CF-FM) signals with 2-3 harmonics and the second one among these three harmonics was its dominant frequency. The constant frequency (CF) components of three harmonics (Mean±SD,n=18 ) were 33.3±0.2 kHz, 66.5±0.3 kHz, and 99.4±0.5 kHz, respectively. In examined FTCs of 72 IC neurons, their Q₁₀ -dB values ranged from 0.5 to 95.4 (9.2±14.6) and the neurons whose best frequency (BF) around the dominant frequency had sharp frequency tuning. Thus, the neurons with sharp frequency tuning and high Q₁₀ -dB values showed that there was certain relationship between echolocation call and frequency tuning of IC neurons in the leaf-nosed bats.