Oryzias pectoralis was identified from more than thirty ricefishes captured from the Long-Jiang in Jingxi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China in November, 2015, which represents a newly recorded distribution of the species in China. This ricefish has the following main characteristics: body slender compressed laterally; a prominent black plaque presents on the pectoral-fin base; no prolonged filamentous addition to distal ends of dorsal and anal-fins; caudal fin rounded, a yellow to orange submargin stripe among each caudal-fin lobe. The phylogenetic tree constructed by NJ method based on CO1 gene supports the results of morphological identification. The characteristics data of O. pectoralis obtained by X ray and morphometry were compared with those of O. sinensis, O. latipes, O. minutillus, O. curvinotus and O. pectoralis from Vietnam respectively. All specimens examined were deposited in the fish collection at the college of life science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.