Here we reported a new species, Xenophrys lishuiensis Wang, Liu and Jiang, sp. nov. (Fig. 1 and 2). Holotype: WYF00164, adult male, collected by WANG Yu-Fan on 20 May 2016 from Fengyang Forest Station and adjacent area in Liandu, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (28°11′51.72″N, 119°49′2.28″E, altitude 1 100 m); allotype: WYF00169, adult female, collected by WANG Yu-Fan from the locality in the same date as holotype; paratypes: 12♂♂ (WYF00165﹣WYF00168, WYF00171﹣WYF00178), 2♀♀ (WYF00170 and WYF11011), collected in the same date and same locality as holotype, by WANG Yu-Fan. The holotype, allotype and eight of the paratypes (WYF00165﹣WYF00168, WYF00171﹣WYF00173, WYF11011) were deposited in Herpetological Museum of Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; the remaining six paratypes (WYF00170, WYF00174﹣WYF00178) deposited in Zhejiang Museum of Natural History. The new species distinguished by a combination of the following characters: 1) small body size, snout vent length (SVL) 30.7﹣34.7 mm in males, 36.9﹣40.4 mm in females; 2) head length larger than head width; 3) vomerine ridge and vomerine teeth absent; 4) tongue not notched behind; 5) two metacarpal tubercles present; 6) tibia length less than half snout-vent length; 7) no web and lateral fringe in toes; 8) a “X” shaped botch on dorsal body, or divided medially, the botch thick, the margin distinct and edged with light color; 9) the triangle botch on dorsal head not touched with the botch on dorsal body; 10) males with indistinct semicircular light-colored botch on shoulder; 11) males with nuptial pad on the first and second fingers, covered by dense and small nuptial spines, relatively less on the second finger (Table 2 and 3, Fig. 1 and 2). In addition, based on 397 based pairs (bp) of mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences, we constructed phylogenetic relationships using Bayesian inference among 14 species of the genus Xenophrys (Table 1 and Fig. 3). The new species formed a monophyletic group (Clade B) with high support value (Bayesian posterior probability 98%), three of which formed a distinct lineage with high support value (Bayesian posterior probability 100%), there possesses a 3.9% genetic distance between X. lishuiensis and its close relative X. boettgeri, which is greater than the one between some other species in the Genus of Xenophrys (Table 4).