Vocal communication consists of the production, transmission and perception of sounds as well as behavioral response to sounds. For most anurans, competition between males, potential mate recognition and choice by females are almost totally dependent on the vocal communication. Therefore vocal communication will be critical for the survival and reproductive success in frogs. In this paper, we reviewed previous studies on the calling characteristics of frog and the production mechanism for their callings. We summarized the functions and evolution of vocal communication in sexual selection, possible neural mechanisms and endocrine mechanisms underlying vocal production and auditory perception. Finally, we proposed some potential study fields for the vocal communication and predicted the possible prospects in the future.