The Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Calidris pygmaea) is one of the critically threatened birds in the world. According to field surveys and historical data collection, we reviewed population censusand distribution of the spoon-billed sandpipers in China, and found that the sandpipers have been recorded in all the administrative divisions along China′s coasts including Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan (Fig. 1). The mudflats at Dongtai and Rudong in Jiangsu Province are the two largest stopover sites for the spoon-billed sandpipers, with the largest recorded number of one survey being 144 at Dongtai and 103 at Rudong. Leizhou peninsular in Guangdong and Minjiang River estuary in Fujian were the two largest wintering sites (Table 1). The major threats to the spoon-billed sandpipers include habitat loss and degradation, illegal hunting, human disturbance, and environmental pollution. This paper also provided targeted conservation suggestions for the conservation of the spoon-billed sandpipers. To conserve Spoon-billed Sandpipers, we propose following conservation suggestions: 1) To reinforce the protection and management of habitat at key stopover and non-breeding sites; 2) To promote public education of ecosystem services provided by intertidal mudflats; 3) To strengthen the survey and study of the bird in China; 4) To embolden the collaboration and information exchange between corresponding agencies from different regions.