Meiosis is the key step in the eukaryote sexual reproduction, while chromosome morphological behavior changes throughout the process of meiosis. In recent years, based on advanced molecular biological technologies and cytology experiment methods, many wonderful achievements about Tetrahymena thermophila meiosis have been obtained according to screening and evaluating of mutant cell lines. In this review, chromosome changes accompanied with variation on genes are described during the process of T.thermophila meiosis, which might provide useful information for understanding the molecular mechanism of T.thermophila meiosis.