A study of community of cropland soil meso- and microarthropods in different amount of maize straw returning（0 kg/hm2, 3 750 kg/hm2, 7 500kg kg/hm2, 11 250 kg/hm2, 15 000 kg/hm2）in the black soil area of Jilin at September of 2011 and 2012. Using modified Tullgren and Baermann’s methods separation the cropland soil meso- and microarthropods were collected from the study area Table 2 shows that a total of 7 238 individuals including species were captured from the soil meso-and micro-arthropods, belonged to 3 classes, 4 orders, 3 suborders and 11 super-families, which of 2 795 individuals collected in 2011, belongedd to 3 classes, 4 orders, 3 suborders and 6 super-families，and 4 443 individuals in 2012, belonged to 3 classes, 4 orders, 3 suborders and 8 super-families. The data show that increased with the amount of maize straw returing in the number of individuals,group and diversity index. The results of least-significant difference (LSD) in table 3 shows showed that the number of individuals, group, diversity index and biomass were significantly different between 2011 and 2012(P<0.001). The number of individuals were significantly effect by the amount of maize straw returing(P<0.01). The redundancy analysis(RDA) in figure 2 shown that the significant effect on soil dominant groups was soil moisure, soil temperture,pH and soil total nitrogen during maize straw returing, of which the effect of soil moisture was the biggest.