To explore water temperature and 17β-estradiol (E2) influence on the growth of the young Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus, 18 groups were formed of factors interaction among 3 water temperature、2 E2 concentration and 3 exposure time, and added 3 water temperature groups as control. The weight of the young Andrias davidianus, which post-hatching 143 d、182 d、248 d fed after 5 hours, was calculated, when exposed E2 for 4 hour per days. The liver microstructure was observed in young Andrias davidianus post-hatching 143 d using histological method, in order to reveal the mechanism of E2 effect on liver. The results showed the growth of the young Andrias davidianus is fast at (20?1)℃, less at (13?1)℃, slowest at natural river water temperature. E2 have adverse effects on growth of the young Andrias davidianus at (20?1)℃. In addition, the toxity of E2 increased with the exposure time and E2 concentration increase. Vacuolization in hepatic cell and enlargement in hepatic sinusoid are observed in the liver of the young Andrias davidianus at 25 μg/L E2. Moreover, epithelium cell in the liver capsule migrated into the inner tissue at 250 μg/L E2. Growth of the young Andrias davidianus was inhibited attributed to liver damage, which caused by the E2.