Brandt's Vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) is one of the main rodent species in the typical steppe area of Inner Mongolia. The voles store food in the burrows in autumn to survive the winter when the vegetation is poor. [Objectives] In order to study the effects of increasing food on vole's winter survival rate. [Methods] In October 2004, we selected 2 sample plots (200 m × 100 m) in Baiyintuga, Abagaqi, Inner Mongolia, where is Brandt’s vole distributed. We defined 2 plots as increasing food plot and control plot. In the increasing food plot, we increasing wheat around all vole’s burrow clusters. Each burrow cluster was fed 500 g of wheat per day for two consecutive days for a total of 1 000 g. And do nothing in the control plot. The mark-recapture method is used to estimate the number of Brandt’s vole in 2 plots. The number of Brandt's voles was 310 and 318, respectively, and the results were used as the base for calculating their winter survival rate. In May 2005, we returned the 2 plots again to investigate the vole’s population number. Statistics using chi-square test. [Results] The winter survival rate of Brandt’s vole in the increasing food plot is 41.3%, which is significantly higher than the control plot’s winter survival rate of 24.2% (P < 0.01, n = 628, χ2 = 20.82) (Table 1). The winter survival rate of female and male Brandt’s vole in the increasing food plot is 45.4% and 37.3% respectively, which is significantly higher than the 25.8% and 22.6% winter survival rates of female and male Brandt’s voles in the control plot (P < 0.01, n = 311, χ2 = 13.07) (P < 0.01, n = 316, χ2 = 8.16) (Table 3). However, there is no significantly difference in winter survival rate between females and males in each plot (P > 0.05) (Table 2). [Conclusion] Increasing food will raise the winter survival rate of Brandt’s vole, which play an important role in population growth in the next year.