人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水行为及影响因素
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1.珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室,广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室,广西师范大学 桂林 541006;2.广西大桂山鳄蜥国家级自然保护区 贺州 542824

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国家自然科学基金项目(No. 31760623,No.32160131),广西大桂山鳄蜥国家级自然保护区管理中心项目


Diving Behavior and Its Influencing Factors of Captive-reared Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)
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    摘要:

    性能是有机体完成某些生态相关任务的定量指标,自愿潜水的最长潜水持续时长是量化潜水性能的重要指标。鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)作为一种濒危的半水生蜥蜴,常将潜水行为作为避敌策略。2021年7至8月,人为干扰(不直接触碰)广西大桂山鳄蜥国家级自然保护区人工饲养的鳄蜥,摄像记录其相应的潜水行为,利用Pearson相关分析、单因素方差分析、一般线性模型、一元线性回归及逐步回归5种方法分析了25只亚成体、19只成体雌性、17只成体雄性共61只人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水行为及影响因素。结果表明,人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水行为具有可重复性。不同性别和年龄的人工饲养鳄蜥的最长潜水持续时长没有差异,人工饲养鳄蜥潜水时的行为不影响其最长潜水持续时长,温度也不影响人工饲养鳄蜥的最长潜水持续时长。人工饲养鳄蜥的最长潜水持续时长与尾长、尾部体积呈负相关,与尾部损失呈正相关。本研究结果表明,人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水性能受到尾部特征的影响,潜水性能和游泳性能之间可能发生了权衡。

    Abstract:

    [Objectives] Measures of animal performance can be used to quantify the ability of an individual to perform specific activities, and the maximum dive duration for voluntary diving is an important measure of dive performance. In addition, repeatability is the most widely used metric for assessing the consistency of behavior. The Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) is an endangered semi-aquatic lizard and often uses diving behavior as a strategy to avoid enemies. In this study, we took captive-reared Crocodile Lizards as studying objects to test how their maximum dive duration and its influencing factors. [Methods] From July 2021 until August 2021, captive-reared Crocodile Lizards in Daguishan Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China, were artificially disturbed (not directly touched) and their corresponding diving behaviors were recorded on camera. We read the maximum diving duration and behavioral characteristics (whether they move and close to stones) of captive-reared Crocodile Lizards through video. The influencing factors of diving behavior include morphological characteristics (variables in Table 1), behavioral characteristics and environmental factors (dive time, ambient temperature and water temperature). A total of 61 captive-reared Crocodile Lizards (25 sub-adults, 19 females, 17 males) participated in the analysis. Then, to test the repeatability of the diving duration of Crocodile Lizard, we tested for the presence of correlations within an individual for dive duration across the three dive trials using Pearson's correlation coefficients and adjusted using sequential Bonferroni adjustments. More, a general linear model was also used to analyze whether environmental factors (air temperature and water temperature) had an effect on the maximum dive duration of Crocodile Lizards, with the dive time period used as a covariate. Based on the results of the analysis of environmental factors, we employed the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the relationship of behavioral characteristics, groupings (sub-adult, male and female) with the maximum dive duration. Finally, we employed the one-dimensional linear regression and stepwise regression analysis to analyze the relationship of morphological characteristics with the maximum dive duration of these 61 Crocodile Lizards. [Results] Results indicated that the diving behaviors of Crocodile Lizards were repeatable (n = 61, r2-3 = 0.495, r1-3 = 0.563, r1-2 = 0.530, all P < 0.001), the maximum diving duration range shown in Table 2. No difference in maximum dive duration between sex and ages of the Crocodile Lizards (F2, 58 = 0.747, P = 0.478). The maximum dive duration of Crocodile Lizards was not affected by the behaviors during diving (to move or not to move: F1, 59 = 0.465, P = 0.498; is it near the stones: F1, 59 = 0.516, P = 0.475). Moreover, temperature (air temperature: n = 61, r =﹣0.239, t =﹣1.298, P = 0.199; water temperature: n = 61, r =﹣0.172, t =﹣0.048, P = 0.962) also did not affect the maximum dive duration of the Crocodile Lizards. We found that maximum dive duration in the Crocodile Lizards was negatively correlated with tail length and tail volume, but positively correlated with tail loss (Fig. 1, Table 3). [Conclusion] Our results suggest that the diving performance of captive-reared Crocodile Lizards is influenced by tail characteristics and that a trade-off between diving performance and swimming performance may have occurred.

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刘亚婷,谭茵,唐三淇,罗树毅,何家松,秦旭东,武正军.2022.人工饲养鳄蜥的潜水行为及影响因素.动物学杂志,57(4):493-502.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-17
  • 最后修改日期:2022-05-03
  • 录用日期:2022-04-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-18
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