国内涉及非圈养猕猴的旅游区现状调查
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郑州大学生命科学学院,郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所 郑州 450001

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国家自然科学基金项目(No. 31600304)


Survey on the Status of Rhesus Macaque-Involved Tourism in China
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1.School of Life Sciences,Zhengzhou University;2.School of Life Sciences,Zhengzhou University,450001;3.Zhengzhou,China;4.Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology,Zhengzhou University,450001

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    摘要:

    猕猴(Macaca mulatta)是自然分布最广泛的非人灵长类,因其行为多样且表情丰富,不仅是动物园和野生动物园等处常见的观赏动物,亦是诸多旅游区的重要观赏资源。近年来,国内不时有引入猕猴开展旅游活动的相关新闻报道,但猕猴相关旅游现状尚不清楚。本研究以“猕猴”和“旅游”“景区”“保护区”及“森林公园”等为关键词,利用“百度”搜索引擎进行检索,检索时间设为2000年1月至2021年10月,提取包括猕猴观赏地的行政区域、类别、猕猴来源和状态、引入猕猴年份和数量等信息,旨在了解国内猕猴观赏旅游现状,为猕猴资源保护与管理提供依据。结果表明:1)共检索到164处猕猴观赏区,分布于全国20个省级行政区,冠以“景区”“森林公园”“保护区”和“旅游区”的地区分别有97、36、20和11处;2)猕猴自然分布的观赏区有105处,明确为引入猕猴的有53处,而来源不详的有6处,其中,北京、山东、江苏及河北的23处观赏区内猕猴均为人为引入;3)20世纪80和90年代便有地区开始引入猕猴,2005年至2010年引入猕猴的观赏区最多,达16处;4)在已知的引入猕猴观赏区中,仅13处有明确的猴源输出地,其中包括3处引自猕猴来源较复杂的河南新野猕猴繁殖场。本研究提示,国内猕猴观赏活动在一定程度上改变了猕猴的自然分布格局。建议野生动物管理部门对涉及猕猴观赏项目建立分级审批制度,尤其是针对引入猕猴开展旅游活动的项目应先开展生态安全评估。

    Abstract:

    [Objectives] The Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) is the most widely distributed non-human primate. Because of the variety of its behaviors and facial expressions, Rhesus Macaque is not only a common animal in zoos and wild parks, but also an important resource in many tourism sites. In the past several decades, exploiting local Rhesus Macaques for sightseeing has been popular for tourist industry in China and some of scenic areas have even introduced Rhesus Macaque from other areas or from artificial breeding ones. Given the potential negative ecological impacts of human-macaque conflicts from the introduction of Rhesus Macaque, it is crucial to monitor the status of Rhesus Macaque in sightseeing areas. However, there is lack of such survey on the current situation of Rhesus Macaque-involved tourism in China. [Methods] In the present study, key words including “Rhesus Macaque” and “scenic area”, “forest park”, “natural reserve” and “tourism area” were adopted to search the Rhesus Macaque-involved tourism areas by using the search engine “Baidu”, and the time window of the survey covered from January 1st, 2000 to October 31th, 2021. Then the data including location, type of tourism areas, origin of Rhesus Macaque, the year of introducing and the number of introduced population were compiled into a database for further analysis. To improve the accuracy of the dataset, we double-checked the compiled information from official websites, newspaper, online news, and literatures. [Results] (1) There were a total of 164 Rhesus Macaque-involved tourism sites distributed in 20 provincial administrative regions, with 97, 36, 20 and 11 places named as “scenic area”, “forest park”, “natural reserve” and “tourism area”, respectively. (2) There were 105 places where Rhesus Macaques were naturally distributed and exploited for tourism, 53 places where Rhesus Macaques were introduced intentionally for tourism, and 6 places where were not clear about the origin of the Rhesus Macaques, however, all the Rhesus Macaques in the tourism areas in Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu and Hebei were introduced populations. (3) The earliest introduction of Rhesus Macaques could be dated back to 1980s and 1990s, while the peak period for introducing Rhesus Macaques was during 2005 and 2010 including 16 places. (4) Only 13 out of 53 places could be traced back to the source of Rhesus Macaque populations, including 3 tourism areas introduced macaques from the Xinye Macaque Breeding Farms in Nanyang of Henan Province, where the Rhesus Macaques could descent from mixed subspecies. [Conclusion] This study suggests that Rhesus Macaque-involved tourism has changed the natural distribution of Rhesus Macaques in China. We suggest that wildlife management department should establish a graded approval system for Rhesus Macaque- involved tourism projects, and conduct strict ecological security evaluation before introducing Rhesus Macaques for tourism.

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王钰炜,路纪琪,田军东.2022.国内涉及非圈养猕猴的旅游区现状调查.动物学杂志,57(4):514-520.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-11-18
  • 最后修改日期:2022-07-03
  • 录用日期:2022-06-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-18
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