灯光与喷泉噪声对四种蝙蝠夜间活动的影响
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长春师范大学地理科学学院 长春 130032

作者简介:

谭源清,女,硕士研究生;研究方向:动物行为与保护;E-mail:18264633869@163.com。

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Q958

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长春师范大学自然科学基金项目(No. CSJJ2023006ZK);


Effects of artificial light and fountain noise on the nocturnal activities of four bat species
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School of Geographic Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China

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    摘要:

    随着城市人工景观的持续扩展,夜间光污染与噪声污染对夜行性野生动物的干扰效应日趋显著。蝙蝠作为依赖声信号和视觉信号的生态指示类群,其活动模式对人为干扰极为敏感。目前,有关城市湿地景观改造对蝙蝠群落的长期生态效应被普遍忽视。本研究于长春一人工湖通过7年的蝙蝠声学监测,记录了蝙蝠通过次数、光照度以及环境噪声强度,系统解析景观灯与人工喷泉对东方蝙蝠(Vespertilio sinensis)、阿拉善伏翼(Hypsugo alaschanicus)、东亚伏翼(Pipistrellus abramus)及伊氏鼠耳蝠(Myotis ikonnikovi)夜间活动的长期影响。结果表明:(1)2018年喷泉和景观灯改造后,2019至2024年,蝙蝠总通过次数下降93.1%,群落结构由东亚伏翼主导(59.0%)演替为阿拉善伏翼主导(73.13%),种间响应差异显著(P < 0.001);(2)2024年景观灯关闭后,东亚伏翼的通过次数增加到景观灯工作状态的14.89倍,伊氏鼠耳蝠的通过次数从0增加至可监测水平(均值为0.49),阿拉善伏翼及东方蝙蝠的通过次数无显著变化。本研究证实,蝙蝠夜间活动受到景观灯光污染、喷泉噪声和水面湍流等因素的共同影响,相关研究结果可为城市湿地蝙蝠多样性保护提供一定的科学依据。

    Abstract:

    [Objectives] With the intensification of artificial landscape modification in the process of urbanization, the disturbance effects of nocturnal light and noise pollution on nocturnal wild animals are becoming increasingly significant. Bats serve as an ecological indicator taxon relying on acoustic and visual signals, and their activity is extremely sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. To date, the long-term ecological effects of landscape alterations on bat communities in urban wetland environments have been largely overlooked. [Methods] In this study, we explored the effects of landscape lighting and artificial fountains on the nocturnal activities of Vespertilio sinensis, Hypsugo alaschanicus, Pipistrellus abramus, and Myotis ikonnikovi at a man-made lake in Changchun, China, based on seven years of bat acoustic monitoring. We recorded light illuminance and noise intensity, as well as the number of passes of each bat species. Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed in R 4.4.3 to examine the differences in the number of bat passes between years for each species, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to analyze the differences in bat activity for each species before and after the landscape lights were switched off in 2024, and to assess the significance of differences in noise intensity and light illuminance before and after the remodeling. [Results] (1) After the modification of the fountain and landscape lighting in 2018, the total number of bat passes decreased by 93.1% from 2019 to 2024, and the community structure shifted from being dominated by P. abramus (59.0%) to by H. alaschanicus (73.13%), with significant interspecific differences in response across the four species (Kruskal-Wallis tests, all P < 0.001; Fig. 4). (2) In 2024, after the landscape lights were switched off, the number of passes of P. abramus increased to 14.89 times of that under the working state of the landscape lights, and the number of passes of M. ikonnikovi increased from 0 to a monitorable level (an average value of 0.49). The number of passes of H. alaschanicus and V. sinensis did not change significantly (Fig. 5). [Conclusion] This study indicates that artificial lighting and fountain noise affect bat community structure, and nocturnal bat activity is jointly suppressed by disturbance factors such as light pollution from landscape lights, fountain noise, and surface water turbulence. These findings provide a scientific basis for the conservation of bat diversity in urban wetlands.

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谭源清,刘金艳,杨双鸿,苗雨佳,朱文明,郭思莹,卢冠军,许振文. 2026.灯光与喷泉噪声对四种蝙蝠夜间活动的影响. 动物学杂志, 61(3): 365-375.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-06-17
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