There are three recognized species of the genus Filogranella across the world, and most of them live in the Red Sea, the Caribbean Sea, and costal regions along Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia. This study reported the first distribution record of a reef-building tube worm species of the genus Filogranella in China, which was collected from the lagoon of the Meiji Reef in the South China Sea on April 25, 2024. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for morphological characterization of this species. The 18S rRNA gene fragment was amplified and sequenced to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of the species belonging to Serpulidae. The worms inhabit white calcareous tubes and are composed of four parts:branchial crown, thoracic region, abdominal region, and posterior region. A light-yellow funnel is shown in some individuals occasionally; the worms usually demonstrate thoracic membranes which extend to the middle of the thoracic region; the pinnule is red at the root and forms a circular structure when stretching out (Fig. 1). The thoracic region of the worms has 12 or more thoracic chaetigers. The collar chaetiger demonstrates smooth capillary collar chaetae and geniculate chaetae, whereas the other thoracic chaetigers show much more diverse structures of chaetae, including capillary collar chaetae, smooth capillary collar chaetae, collar chaetae with coarse teeth, apomatus chaetae, and sickle chaetae. The abdominal uncini is rasp-shaped with 3 to 7 teeth in transverse rows; posterior region encompasses a slit-like anus (Figs. 2, 3). The maximum likelihood tree based on the 18S RNA sequence fragment showed that the sample in this study clustered with F. elatensis. Sequence alignment between F. elatensis and our sample showed a comparable fragment with the length of 438 bp and the similarity of 99.09% (Fig. 4, Appendix 1). Combining the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic evidence, this species is identified as F. elatensis. The new distribution record of F. elatensis in this study enriches the marine species database of China.