[Objectives] Birds play a crucial role as indicators of the ecological environment. The species composition and its fluctuations serve as significant factors in the conservation of biodiversity and the management of habitats. [Methods] In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of bird records obtained from our investigation, ‘BirdReport’, and relevant literature. To update and analyze the diversity of birds in Shanxi, we referred to A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China (Fourth edition). [Results] Shanxi Province boasted high bird diversity, harboring a total of 457 species belonging to 76 families of 21 orders. Among these species, 13 species are endemic to China, highlighting their unique presence within the region. In addition, 25 are classified as class Ⅰ national key protected animals, while 80 are categorized as class Ⅱ national key protected animals. Furthermore, 13 and 53 species are listed in Appendixes Ⅰ and II, respectively, of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 3, 7, and 17 species are critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), and vulnerable (VU), respectively (Table 1). The birds in Shanxi exhibited diverse patterns of residence and migration, with a breakdown of 99 resident birds, 151 summer visitors, 77 winter visitors, 115 migrants, and 15 vagrants. Among the 250 breeding species, Palearctic species (103 species) (Appendix 1) are slightly dominant, which indicates a mixing and transitional avifauna realm within Shanxi. [Conclusion] This study presents a systematic analysis of the bird species composition, endangered status, residency types, and realm characteristics in Shanxi Province. The results contribute a scientific foundation to conservation management and further research in the region.