The development of vertebrate gonads has been extensively investigated. Anuran amphibians are good animal models in the field of developmental biology because of their embryonic development independence and observabilit. In this paper, we review the research progress on primitive gonad formation, gonadal differentiation and development of testis and ovary, as well as gametogenesis in anuran amphibians. Primitive gonad formation in anuran amphibians occurs mainly during the periods of gill cover fold and hindlimb bud formation, and that different species show slight difference. Gonadal differentiation is usually marked by the presence of oogonias or ovarian cavities, but not for some species with primary sex cavities. Support cells surround the spermatogonia to form a seminal vesicle, and the cells in the vesicle undergo a series of activities to finally discharge the sperm. Ovary is formed eventually, due to the the oocyte development and disappearance of ovarian cavity, and the oocyte divides discontinuously within the follicle and finally form egg cells. The gonadal developmental processes in anuran amphibians are similar, but also show differences between species.