We investigated the expression of aquaporins (AQP) 1 and 4 in pancrease of Yarkand hares (Lepus yarcandensis) to understand the role of AQP in adaptation to the drought environment. We observed the histological structure of pancrease in Yarkand hares by using H.E staining, detected expressions of AQP1 and AQP4 in pancrease by using immunohistochemistry, and compared these data with those domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus curiculus). Results showed that AQP1 was localized in microvascular endothelial cells, blood cells, centroacinar cells and intralobular ducts basal membrane. AQP4 was localized in the acinus and tralobular duct basal membrane, and pancreatic islet cell membrane. Compared with domestic rabbits, except for intralobular ducts, the expression of AQP1 was lower in the pancreas of Yarkand hares. And the expression of AQP4 was lower in the endocrine portion. These results indicate that the Yarkand hare has increased expression of AQP1 in intralobular ducts of pancrease, which may improve the ability for adaptation to the arid environment, and strengthen the ability for concentrating the pancreatic juice, so as to keep body water. Compared with domestic rabbits, expression of AQP1 and AQP4 is lower in the pancreas of Yarkand hares, indicating that the level of water metabolism in the pancreas of Yarkand hares is lower than in domestic rabbits, which may be related to insufficient food.