The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is the endemic specie of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the population in Xinjiang mainly distribute in Kunlun and Altun Mountains regions. A survey on the distribution, population size, population fluctuation and surviving status was conducted from September to November of 2011. Population size and distribution in this area were investigated with sample spot survey and direct count method. A total of 25 sampling points and 164 investigations were conducted during our field surveys. 158 Black-necked Crane individuals were found on the wetlands of Wuzunxiaoer, Tiemulike, Yusup Aleksei, Yaziquan, Qimantag, Tula Ranch and so on. About 126 individuals were recorded in Yixiekepati wetland (N37°15'-37°23',E90°11'-90°20', elevation 3 903 m), which is the largest population observed in this area. Combined with the previous records, it is concluded that there are about 220-260 individuals existing in this region. The numbers of family members are from one to four, and those four types of families account for 5.9%, 60.3%, 29.4% and 4.4% of the records, respectively. Before the October, the basic social unit of cranes was family and they didn't join together. Cranes gathered obviously in the middle of October and the highest numbers appeared on 29 October. All of the cranes migrated out this area until 6 November. In addition, we also found Eurasian Crane (G.grus), Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo), Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus), Greylag Goose (A. anser) and Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea) in this area.