Components of avian community at Yellow River wetland in Shaanxi Province were directed counted monthly in 5 transects from October to March in the period of 11 years(1998 to 2008)in five habitat and 37 counts was conducted totally.A total of 117 bird species which belongs to 14 families and 33 orders were recorded.The avian species diversity index and evenness index were 4.497,0.654 respectively.The component of bird species and diversity were significantly different among the five habitats,2.826 in fishpond,3.571 in reed marsh,3.202 in beach,1.205 in farmland,and 2.496 in replanted forest.Reed marsh had the highest bird diversity,most abundance of birds was recorded at beach,the highest dominance index of bird occurred in farmland.The bird diversity and number had been declining during the study period.