The sex determination types and sex chromosomes of amphibians are characterized by diversity. Among the amphibians in which heteromorphic chromosomes have been found, most species have Y or W chromosomes larger than their corresponding X or Z chromosomes, and a few species have highly differentiated Y or W chromosomes. At the same time, the genome size of amphibians varies greatly, and there are also molecular differences between sex chromosomes. High-frequency turnover, accidental recombination, and chromosomal rearrangement may be key mechanisms in the evolution of sexual chromosomes in amphibians. The review reveals the mechanism of genetic sex determination through in-depth discussion of the evolution of sex chromosomes in amphibians, which is helpful for further exploration of artificially controlling the sex of amphibians.