Number changes and distribution ranges of mounds made by subterranean rodent is the key to monitor the population size change for this group rodent. Traditionally, people counted the number of mounds and plotted a map to figure out their distribution ranges. Both of the methods had some problem in term of heavy workload and the results were far from perfect. In this paper we used a method named the real-time kinematic (RTK) which based on GPS to estimate the number and range of mounds by subterranean rodent and got a high precision result that can locate a point of the mounds in a precision in the centimeter level. We selected the study area in an area located in the Plateau Zokor (Eospalax baileyi) located in Zhuaxixiulong Township in Tianzhu County, Gansu province in where the subterranean rodent was founded. We used RTK technology to investigate the number and distribution of the mounds by Zokors. We combined ArcGIS software to analyze the changes of the mounds number and its relative population density. According to the more precision results, we believed this method is a good way to study the distribution pattern of Zokor′s mounds and the relative population density of Zokor′s, as well as damage assessment of rangeland caused by the Zokor. We suggested this method can be both used for investigating mounds number and its distribution range of subterranean rodent, as well as used in the investigation of hole made by the aboveground rodents.