Shennv Cave is a typical Karst cave and located in Songtao County in Guizhou Province. A part of it has been developed by the tourism. In order to record the animal resources in detail, we investigated on the animal community structure in the cave and took measurement on some environment factors in the mean time in July 2016. A total of 645 animal specimens and 9 soil samples (250 g/bag) were collected. The content of air temperature, humidity and content of gases CO, CO2, O2 and H2S were measured in the field. We identified the species and found out all the animal species belonging to 3 phyla, 8 classes, 13 orders, 24 families and 37 groups. Of them Diestrammena marmorata was the dominant species, and it is accounted for the entire group of 67.60%. We used the atomic absorption spectrometry to analyze content of heavy metals Pb and Cd, used and atomic fluorescence spectrometry method to determined the contents of Hg for the soil samples. The results showed that the pollution of Hg was more serious compared with the soil background value in China, and the comprehensive heavy metal pollution index was far more than the heavy pollution grade line. We analyzed the structure characteristics of the cave animal community by the method of correlation analysis with the diversity index. The homogeneity index J' and the dominance index C of the cave animal community had a significant correlation with the content of H2S in the air. The maximum diversity was significantly negatively correlated with the temperature. The correlation between the spatial distribution of the cave animals and the environmental factors was analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. The spatial distribution of Chilopoda, Amphibia, Mammalia had a little difference, and all were positively related to the content of CO2 in the air and the content of lead in the soil. The distribution of Arachnoidea was positively correlated with the content of O2. The distribution of Diplopoda was positively correlated with humidity, and the distribution of Gastropoda was positively related to the amount of H2S in the air.