Euchiloglanis kishinouyei which belonging to the genus Euchiloglanis in the family Sisoridae is an endemic fish which lives only in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Because of its special living environment, breeding habit and evolutionary, E. kishinouyei is an important object of study fish evolution. The purpose of this study was to determine age structure and growth characteristics of E. kishinouyei, and to propose effective measures to protect this species. A total of 383 specimens which were collected from mid July 2012 and late June 2013 in the Jiaomuzu River, a tributary river of the Yangtze River. Method: Body length and body weight of each specimen were measured. The characteristics of four kinds of age determination materials of E. kishinouyei, lapillus, pectoral fin spines, vertebra and opercular had been described and compared the similarities, differences and veracities. Calculation of increment rate and growth indexes of body length and body weight of E. kishinouyei by Yin Minchen’s methods (1995). The growth of E. kishinouyei was fitted by the equation of Von Bertalanffy. Statistic analysis of all data were taken using Microsoft excel 2003 and SPSS 19.0. Results: The results shows that vertebra was the main structure for age determination (Fig. 1). The standard length of the samples mainly ranged from 92﹣190 mm, which 110-140 mm individuals accounting for 74.41% of the total (Fig. 2). The total weight mostly ranged from 14.70﹣119.80 g, which 20-60 g individuals accounting for 84.86% of the tota1 (Fig. 3). Age of the fishes was identified to eleven age classes (3﹣13 years old) and individuals of 5﹣8 years old were dominated with frequency of 84.07% (Fig. 4). Sex ratio (♀︰♂) was 1︰1.06. There was a correlation between body length and vertebra, with the equation was L = 67.038 + 50.783RO (n = 325，R2 = 0.758，P < 0.01) (Fig. 5). The relationship between body length (L，unit mm) and total weight (W，unit g) showed no significant difference between ma1es and females, which could be expressed as: W = 3×10﹣5L2.9279 (n = 383, R2 = 0.807 1, P < 0.01) (Fig. 6). The growth of E. kishinouyei was in a constant speed which can be described with von Bertalanffy equation. According to the growth, growth rate and acceleration growth rate equation of body length and body weight, Lt = 208.42 [1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)], Wt = 184.82 [1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)] 2.9279, dL/dt = 18.5494 e﹣0.089(t+1.20), dW/dt = 48.1610 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]1.9279, d2L/dt2 =﹣1.6509e﹣0.089 (t+1.20), d2W/dt2 = 4.2863e﹣0.089 (t+1.20) [1﹣e﹣0.089 (t+1.20)]0.9279 [2.9279 e﹣0.089 (t+1.20)﹣1], the E. kishinouyei growth slow and it’s life cycle was so long. The growth inflexion points was 10.87 years with the corresponding body length 134.24 mm and body weight of 53.37 g, which behind the age of sexual maturity (♀6 age, ♂5 age). The Spawning groups were mostly supplement groups (5, 6 age) and low age remaining groups (7, 8 age) (Fig. 7). Above all, the resources of E. kishinouye were heavy damaged, measures such as strict ban to unreasonable catching and exploring the hydropower resources should be enhanced.