With the 30-years conservation efforts, the wild population of Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon has been increased and the distribution has been expanded to more than ten counties around Yang County of Shaanxi Province in China. However, it is difficult to investigate the exact population size and distribution status of the wild Crested Ibis, although these data were important and needed to conservation management. From September to October, 2012, an integrative survey on the population size and distribution of wild Crested Ibis was conducted. The roosting sites were surveyed in 11 distribution counties by field investigation, known sites visiting, community interview and information feedback. 23 currently-using roosting sites were confirmed and located. A three-day simultaneous survey was conducted at these 23 roosting sites from 17th to 19th October, 2012 by counting the roosting population of each site. 20 roosting sites were used during the simultaneous survey, with 16 in Yangxian County, three in Ningshan County, and one in Chenggu County. Totally 1 090 individuals were recorded with 97.2% of them distributed in Yangxian County. There were 11 roosting sites supporting more than 40 ibises, with the largest roosting population of 184, which accounted for 91.7% of the total wild population (Table 1, Fig. 1). 19.0% of the total population were fledglings, which indicated 67.2% of the fledglings could survive to the autumn. To improve the conservation of the new expanded areas could benefit to the dispersal of the wild population, so as to decrease the threats of this endangered species.