| 王芃,李晟,陈红,黄豪,李艳红,胡杰.2022.血雉与其捕食者黄喉貂的时空关系初探.动物学杂志,57(6):855-865. |
| 血雉与其捕食者黄喉貂的时空关系初探 |
| A Preliminary Study on Spatial-Temporal Relationship between Blood Pheasant and Its Predator Yellow-throated Marten |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-23 修订日期：2022-09-06 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202206006 |
| 中文关键词: 红外相机 占域模型 时空关系 种间关系 山地森林生态系统 |
| 英文关键词:Camera traps Occupancy model Spatial-temporal relationship Interspecific relationship Montane forest ecosystem |
| 基金项目:生物多样性调查评估项目（No. 2019HJ209600106） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 101 |
| 全文下载次数: 982 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 猎物与其捕食者间的种间关系对于维持动物群落的结构与功能至关重要。为了解西南地区中高海拔森林生态系统中较常见的血雉（Ithaginis cruentus）及其捕食者黄喉貂（Martes flavigula）之间的相互作用关系，本研究利用2018至2020年在四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区61个红外相机位点的调查数据（累计相机工作日为13 790 d），量化分析了两者之间的时空关系。在时间维度上，采用核密度函数绘制了血雉（独立有效照片数n = 156）与黄喉貂（n = 98）的日活动节律曲线，分析结果表明，血雉和黄喉貂在日活动高峰上存在明显的回避现象。在空间维度上，单物种占域模型分析结果显示，影响血雉对位点使用的重要因子是海拔和距水源最近距离，影响黄喉貂占域的生境因子主要是坡度；单季节双物种占域模型的结果显示，（1）在物种作用和环境变量的影响下，黄喉貂存在时血雉对位点的占域率显著低于黄喉貂不存在时；（2）随着海拔的升高，黄喉貂与血雉的空间关系呈现出由分离（物种间的互作因子SIF值小于1）转为重合（物种间的互作因子SIF值大于1）的趋势。本文使用日活动模式和占域模型分析二者在时间生态位和空间生态位上的关系，初步揭示了血雉与其捕食者黄喉貂在时空上呈现不完全分化的特点，为深入理解该地区山地森林生态系统中猎物与其捕食者时空分布关系的研究提供了范例与基础信息。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] The varying degrees of interactions between species are central to community structure and dynamics. As a significant interspecific relationship, predation and environmental factors are important elements determining the spatial distribution of predators and prey. It is important to clarify the spatial-temporal relationship between predator and prey for the maintenance of biodiversity as the two most critical dimensions of the niche axis. Galliformes are one of the food components of Yellow-throated Marten (Martes flavigula). Blood Pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) and Yellow-throated Marten are common sympatric species in southwest montane forest ecosystem, and they overlap in spatial distribution. However, the spatial and temporal coexistence mechanism between them are nevertheless unclear. [Methods] From August 2018 to October 2020, we set up 61 infrared cameras located in Liziping National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province (Fig. 1), and undertook a study on two relatively common species in southwest China——Blood Pheasant and its predator Yellow-throated Marten through infrared camera photographs. The lowest elevation of the site was 1 850 m and the highest was 4 199 m. The latitude and longitude, altitude, habitat types, distance to the nearest river and other information of each site were recorded. We recovered camera data every three months, then sorted out the data, identified species, and recorded the time information of photos. Based on the Kernel density estimation, we analyzed the temporal relationship of Blood Pheasant and Yellow-throated Marten, and plotted the daily activity rhythm curves. All the analyses were conducted in R, v.4.1.2 (package overlap). Select the infrared camera data from May to August in 2019 and 2020, and repeat the survey every 15 days to establish the detection history matrix of Blood Pheasant and Yellow-throated Marten at each survey site. Four environmental factors were selected as the sample covariates (Table 1). Then, we analyzed the spatial relationship between them by using the occupancy model (program PRESENCE, v.2.13.17). Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the occupancy of Blood Pheasant in the presence and absence of Yellow-throated Marten. [Results] With 13 790 accumulated camera-days, we obtained 2 373 independent valid photos of wild animals, which included 98 Yellow-throated Marten and 156 Blood Pheasant. Daily activity rhythm curves were plotted for Blood Pheasant (n = 156) and Yellow-throated Marten (n = 98). The curves of Blood Pheasant showed an obvious bimodal pattern with two activity peaks in one day: 9:00 and 18:00, while the activity peak of Yellow-throated Marten was at 15:00 (Fig. 2). In addition, the Yellow-throated Marten has a small amount of activity records at night. The curves also showed an overlap in daily activities between the two species (Δ4 = 0.78) (Fig. 2). The result of simple single-season model analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of the two species was affected by environmental factors: altitude and distance to the nearest river were the most important factors to probability of use sites of Blood Pheasant, and the area occupied by Yellow-throated Marten was mainly affected by slope (Table 3). The two-species single season model was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the two species and the results showed that: (1) Under the mediation of altitude factor, the probability of using site of Blood Pheasant while Yellow-throated Marten presence was significantly lower than that in the absence of Yellow-throated Marten (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P < 0.01), (2) With the increase of altitude, the spatial relationship between Blood Pheasant and Yellow-throated Martens showed a trend from separation (species interaction factor value is less than 1) to coincidence (species interaction factor value is greater than 1) (Fig. 3). [Conclusion] In Liziping National Nature Reserve, the spatial predation relationship of Blood Pheasant and Yellow-throated Marten was different due to the influence of altitude factors, and there were some differentiations in time utilization, which increased the chance of co-existence between predator and prey. Meanwhile, it also showed overlap in the temporal and spatial niches. Our results confirm that Galliformes account for only a small part of the total intake of Yellow-throated Marten. This paper reveals the characteristics of incomplete differentiation in the temporal and spatial niches, providing an example and fundamental information for further understanding the spatial and temporal relationship between predator-prey in montane forest ecosystem. |
| 附件 |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
