| 富裕,卜书海,张锦栋,郭明,李先敏,郑雪莉.2022.太白山北坡小型兽类物种多样性垂直分布格局.动物学杂志,57(5):678-688. |
| 太白山北坡小型兽类物种多样性垂直分布格局 |
| Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Small Mammals along the Elevational Gradient on Northern Slope of Taibai Mountain |
| 投稿时间：2022-01-30 修订日期：2022-09-03 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202205004 |
| 中文关键词: 太白山 小型兽类 物种多样性 垂直分布格局 |
| 英文关键词:Taibai Mountain Small mammals Species diversity Elevational patterns |
| 基金项目:国家公园补助资金项目（No. ZX2020-09-40） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 物种多样性沿海拔梯度的垂直分布格局一直是生物多样性研究的热点问题，其中最为普遍的分布模式为中峰格局。为了解太白山北坡小型兽类物种组成和物种多样性垂直分布格局，本研究于2020和2021年两年的6至9月采用样线法、铗日法和陷阱法对太白山北坡小型兽类物种进行调查。在海拔780 ~ 3 767.2 m之间，以200 m为梯度，设置采集样点15个，累计布置4 150铗次，陷阱105个，样线8条。共记录小型兽类4目7科12属21种148只，阔叶林中的小型兽类物种多样性普遍高于针叶林，物种多样性在中海拔地区栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）林、锐齿槲栎（Q. aliena）林最高，高海拔地区秦岭冷杉（Abies fargesii）林最低。小型兽类物种多样性垂直分布格局为左偏倚中峰格局，物种多样性在1 500 ~ 2 300 m海拔段内出现峰值。这种分布格局和林型中小型兽类东洋界与古北界、特有种与非特有种在太白山地区交汇有关，太白山北坡南北纵列的山脉-沟谷地貌为南北物种扩散和迁移提供了有利条件，在沟谷内气候和地理特征相似，形成了规律的林型垂直带谱，这使得小型兽类物种多样性垂直分布也具有相似的特点。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Determining the elevational distribution of species diversity along altitudinal gradients is of critical importance in biodiversity and conservation research, the hump-shaped pattern of species diversity is the most common one. To understand the species diversity distribution pattern of Taibai Mountain, and to provide basic data and references for the study of elevational biodiversity gradient patterns. [Methods] We surveyed the diversity of small mammals along the elevational gradient on the northern slope of Taibai Mountain from June to September in 2020 and 2021. The elevation range of the study was 780﹣3 767.2 m, with a gradient of 200 m. Fifteen sampling points were set, with a total of 4 150 rat traps, 105 traps and 8 sample sites. Four diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, Simpson, Pielou) were used to compare the diversity discrepancy between different elevational forest types and used to reveal the diversity distribution pattern. All species diversity index calculation, cluster analysis was completed in SPSS 21.0 and R language. [Results] Our study surveyed totally 148 individuals representing 21 species that were belong to 12 genera, 7 families and 4 orders. The species diversity of Quercus variabilis and Q. aliena which in the middle altitude area was the highest, and that of Abies fargesii in high altitude area was the lowest. The elevational distribution pattern of species diversity of small mammals in the northern slope of Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve is a left-biased mid-peak pattern. The two non-parametric estimations of species richness Chao2 and Jackknife2 indicate that increased sampling intensity is still needed in Betula albosinensis. [Conclusion] The species diversity of small mammals in broad-leaved forest was generally higher than that in coniferous forest. This distribution pattern was mainly related to the composition of Oriental fauna and Palaearctic fauna, endemic species and non-endemic species of small and medium-sized mammals in the community. The mountain range-valley landform on the northern slope of Taibai Mountain provides favorable conditions for the diffusion and migration of northern and southern species. The climate and geographical characteristics in the valley were similar, forming a typical elevational vegetation zone, which made the distribution of species diversity of small mammals had similar characteristics. |
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