| 李显达,郭玉民,布•彼得森,吴伟,董传龙,解喜春,王小平,张海龙,付宇霞,唐景文,张守领,谷彦昌,杨金光,侯林祥,李想.2022.中国东北地区基于环志监测的田鹀迁徙趋势和数量动态.动物学杂志,57(5):696-706. |
| 中国东北地区基于环志监测的田鹀迁徙趋势和数量动态 |
| Migration Dynamics of the Rustic Bunting Based on the Banding Monitoring in the Northeast China |
| 投稿时间：2022-01-22 修订日期：2022-08-27 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202205006 |
| 中文关键词: 田鹀 种群 环志 监测 回收 |
| 英文关键词:Rustic Bunting, Emberiza rustica Population Banding Monitoring Recovery |
| 基金项目:国家林业和草原局、全国鸟类环志中心、黑龙江省林业和草原局鸟类环志项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 许多长距离迁徙的雀形目鸟类的种群数量正在持续下降，田鹀（Emberiza rustica）种群数量下降趋势更为突出。通过对田鹀种群数量长期监测和迁徙动态分析，可为此物种保护提供科学依据。从2001年开始，陆续在黑龙江省高峰、青峰、帽儿山、新青和大沾河，吉林省珲春和吉林市，辽宁省的辽宁鸟类研究中心（大连）和旅顺老铁山，以及内蒙古乌尔其汗鸟类栖息的临水林缘处布网环志。截至2018年，累计环志田鹀184 181只，其中春季88 571只，秋季95 610只；各年度环志数量波动较大，总体呈现急速下降趋势。幼鸟的越冬损失率高达41.3%。田鹀106只次的回收信息表明，自然条件下田鹀寿命可达11年以上；日迁飞距离最快可达到300 km，飞行速度可达30 km/h。中国东北地区是田鹀等鸟类的重要迁徙途经地；田鹀的迁徙路线相对稳定，在瑞典北部繁殖的种群经中国东北地区迁徙到天津以南越冬。通过环志发现，近些年田鹀种群数量急速下降。通过比对，发现中国东北地区田鹀的环志数量变化趋势与瑞典的田鹀环志数量变化趋势相似；相对于环志数量最多的年份，环志数量下降95%以上，值得关注。栖息地破碎化、非法猎捕等是影响田鹀生存的主要受威胁因素。建议依据田鹀等鸟类生物学习性，加强鸟类栖息地的保护，坚持长期标准化的鸟类环志监测，进一步探索鸟类迁徙规律，以助于鸟类种群的恢复。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Populations of long-distance migratory passerines have been declining continuously, and such decline has been especially striking in Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica. Through a long-term monitoring and migration dynamics analysis of Rustic Bunting, this study aims to provide a scientific basis for more effective conservation actions. [Methods] We collected and analyzed the data on Rustic Buntings between 2001 and 2018 from 10 banding stations in Northeast China, including Gaofeng, Qingfeng, Maoershan, Xinqing and Dazhanhe in Heilongjiang Province, Hunchun and Jilin in Jilin Province, Liaoning bird research center in Dalian and Lvshun Laotieshan in Liaoning Province as well as Wuerqihan in Inner Mongolia. Mist-net was set nearby water on the edge of the forest where bird inhabits and checked every 30 minutes. The captured birds were banded and recorded before being released. In Gaofeng, Maoershan and Qingfeng banding station, the survey was conducted from 15th, March to 31th May in Spring and from 15th August to 20th November in Autumn. 70 mist-nets with 3m in height and 20m in length were set in different habitats in these three banding stations. We conducted statistic analysis on data from these three banding stations and used data from the rest of the banding stations for auxiliary analysis. The sex of Rustic Buntings is mainly distinguished by the color of the head, the color of the midline of the crown feathers, the width of the crown feathers (In males, the crown feathers are black in spring and the ear feathers are black while the base of the crown feathers is black in winter. Female's crown feathers and ear feathers are not black and the midline of the crown feathers are dark brown in winter). The age of Rustic Buntings is distinguished by the uniformity of the tail feathers-growth line, the degree of wear in tail feathers-tip, the width of the outer tail feather, the situation of molt in flight feathers and the color of iris. Birth to the end of the year is recorded as a juvenile. The following spring is recorded as sub-adult and the following autumn and beyond is recorded as an adult. [Results] A total of 184,181 Rustic Buntings were banded in our 18 years survey, including 88 571 in spring and 95 610 in autumn. The annual banding number fluctuated greatly and showed a rapid downward
trend. The overwintering mortality rate of juvenile birds was 41.3% higher than that of adults. The data on the 106 recovered Rustic Buntings indicated that under natural conditions， Rustic Buntings enjoy a life span of up to 11 years, and can travel as far as 300 kilometers a day. Northeast China is an important migration channel for Rustic Buntings, with a relatively stable migration route. It is where Rustic Buntings would fly through on their way to the south of Tianjin for overwintering after breeding in northern Sweden. [Conclusion] The results showed that the Rustic Bunting population decreased rapidly in recent years, as the banding number decreased by more than 95% compared with the peak year, which deserves our greater attention. Habitat fragmentation and illegal hunting are two major threats to Rustic Buntings. It is suggested that efforts should be made to strengthen habitat protection, keep long-term ringing monitoring, and explore migration patterns of Rustic Bunting, so as to facilitate its population recovery. |
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