| 石胜超,石秀东,姚忠祎,齐银,江建平.2022.西藏八宿、左贡和芒康两栖爬行动物多样性调查报告.动物学杂志,57(2):236-246. |
| 西藏八宿、左贡和芒康两栖爬行动物多样性调查报告 |
| Amphibian and Reptile Diversity in Basu, Zuogong, and Mangkang County, Tibet, China |
| 投稿时间：2021-03-18 修订日期：2022-03-08 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202202009 |
| 中文关键词: 两栖动物 爬行动物 西藏 物种多样性 分布新记录种 |
| 英文关键词:Amphibian Reptile Tibet Species diversity New record |
| 基金项目:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（No. 2019QZKK04020202），生态环境部“生物多样性调查与评估”项目，中国生物多样性监测与研究网络项目（Sino BON） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2019年8月至2020年7月调查了西藏生态安全屏障生态监测站网芒康生态站所辖3县（八宿、左贡和芒康）的两栖爬行动物多样性。本次调查共计布设155条样线，海拔区间为2 270 ~ 4 610 m。调查结果显示，该地区两栖动物共计有8种，隶于4科5属；爬行动物7种，隶于3科4属。其栖息地共有5种植被类型，Shannon-Weiner 多样指数表征其中两栖爬行动物多样性由高到低为：灌丛、针叶林、阔叶林、针阔叶混交林、草甸。在垂直分布方面，两栖动物分布海拔区间为2 280 ~ 4 350 m，爬行动物分布海拔区间为2 270 ~ 3 470 m，爬行动物分布海拔整体上低于两栖动物。在动物区系组成方面，多数两栖动物为广布种及古北界物种，而爬行动物中多数为东洋界物种。本次调查共记录到国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物3种：帆背龙蜥（Diploderma vela）、巴塘龙蜥（D. batangense）和滑腹龙蜥（D. laeviventre）。调查结果显示，干热河谷地带物种多样性较高，且具多个区域特有物种，亟待进行保护地规划和建设。此外，本文记述了西藏自治区爬行动物分布1新记录种——乡城原矛头蝮（Protobothrops xiangchengensis）。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Amphibians and reptiles are good environmental indicator. Recently, multiple endemic new species were discovered in Eastern Tibet, China, however their habitat is under threat. It is important to have adequate knowledges about the regional herpetological biodiversity and spatial distribution for biodiversity protection. [Methods] In order to obtain these information, we conducted a series of field surveys in Basu, Zuogong, and Mangkang Counties of eastern Tibet from August 2019 to July 2020. Within the altitude range of 2 270﹣4 610 m, a total of 155 transects with a length of 100﹣500 m were investigated (Fig. 1). There are 42 transects in Basu, 49 in Zuogong and 64 in Mangkang. Species, individual number, vegetation types and elevation of each transects were recorded. Shannon - Weiner index of different vegetation types, encounter rate and dominance for species were analyzed. [Results] There are eight amphibians species belonging to five genera and four families, seven reptile species belonging to four genera and three families were recorded in the surveyed region area (Table 1). Detailed geographical distribution maps for amphibians and reptiles were drawn and shown in Fig. 2 & 3 respectively. The results of Shannon - Weiner index among the five vegetation types indicates that the order of biodiversity is bush > coniferous forest > broad-leaved forest > mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest > meadow (Table 2). The elevational distribution range of amphibians is 2 280﹣4 350 m, while that of reptiles is 2 270﹣3 470 m (Fig. 4). The fauna of amphibians and reptiles in the survey area of eastern Tibet are quite different. Most amphibians are distributed in both Palaearctic and Oriental realms, but the majority of reptiles are Oriental. There are three species Diploderma vela, D. batangense, and D. laeviventre listed Garde II in the National Key Protected Wild Animal List. In addition, we report a new record of reptilian fauna of Tibet Autonomous Region, Protobothrops xiangchengensis. [Conclusion] The longitudinal valleys and rivers in the surveyed region in eastern Tibet are possible explanations for the differences of amphibian and reptile fauna. It is suggested that the dry-hot valley should be considered in the planning and construction of the nature reserve, where all the three species listed in Garde II in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals are distributed. |
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