| 李金燕,邓静,和晓斌,谭坤,龙晓斌,李延鹏,黄志旁,肖文.2021.生态旅游活动中游客噪声对滇金丝猴的影响.动物学杂志,56(6):801-807. |
| 生态旅游活动中游客噪声对滇金丝猴的影响 |
| The Noise Influence to Black Snub-nosed Monkeys (Rinopithecus bieti) During the Development of Ecotourism Activities |
| 投稿时间：2021-03-18 修订日期：2021-10-28 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202106001 |
| 中文关键词: 滇金丝猴 生态旅游 噪声 观赏距离 游客数量 |
| 英文关键词:Rinopithecus bieti Ecotourism Noise Viewing distance Tourist amount |
| 基金项目:云南省基金地方高校联合专项（No. 202001BA070001-227），国家自然科学基金项目（No. 31860164，31860168，31260149），云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（No. 2020J0543），云南省青年拔尖人才项目（No. YNWR-QNBJ-2019-262） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 生态旅游被视为解决保护和发展的最有效手段之一，但现阶段的生态旅游开展对野生动物造成影响的程度和方式还缺乏研究。为研究生态旅游活动开展过程中产生的噪声是否会对滇金丝猴（Rinopithecus bieti）产生影响，2017年7月5日至2018年2月8日，在云南香格里拉滇金丝猴国家公园，采用10 min间隔的瞬时扫描取样法记录游客噪声、观赏距离、可见滇金丝猴总数量及其不同年龄-性别组滇金丝猴个体数量。结果显示，生态旅游行为显著增加了环境噪声值，向游客开放时段的噪声值（52.42 dB）显著高于非开放时段（47.51 dB），且游客数量越多噪声值越大；游客的观赏距离越近可见的滇金丝猴个体数量越少，且不同观赏距离下可见的滇金丝猴个体数存在显著差异，当观赏距离在11 ~ 15 m时，游客可见滇金丝猴总数量最多（2 046只）；在1 ~ 5 m的观赏距离内，不同年龄-性别组猴的理论可见数量不同，成年雄性猴的理论可见数量最高（2.9只），其次是青少年猴（2.2只），成年雌猴（1.8只）和婴猴（1.6只）最低。推测，不同年龄-性别组滇金丝猴个体抵抗干扰的能力不同，成年雄性猴抗干扰能力最强，其次是青少年猴个体，成年雌性猴和婴猴抗干扰能力较弱。由此，本研究认为，现阶段香格里拉滇金丝猴国家公园的生态旅游活动增加了环境噪声，且对滇金丝猴的行为产生了一定的干扰；游客观赏距离越近、游客数量越多，干扰越大。建议在未来的生态旅游过程中，严格设立游客观赏距离，且观赏距离应在10 m以上；设立标语，提醒游客保持安静，减少噪音，从而减少对滇金丝猴的干扰。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ecotourism is regarded as one of the most effective ways to solve the conflict between conservation and community development. However, there are rare discussions on how much ecotourism progress will affect wildlife. To explore whether tourists' noise during ecotourism activities affect Black Snub-nosed Monkeys (Rinopithecus bieti) during ecotourism activities, we record tourists' noise value and viewing distance, tourists number, monkeys’ behaviour, the total number of visible monkeys and the number of monkeys in different age-sex groups by 10-minute instantaneous scanning sampling method from July 5, 2017, to February 8, 2018, in Yunan Shangri-La Yunnan Golden Monkey National Park. The results show that ecotourism significantly increased the environmental noise value, which the noise value (52.42 dB) in the tourist open period was significantly higher than that (47.51 dB) in the non-open period, and the noise value is positively correlated with the number of tourists, and negatively correlated with the viewing distance and the number of visible Black Snub-nosed monkeys (Table 2); There were significant differences in the number of visible Black Snub-nosed monkeys at different viewing distances, and the number reached a maximum (2 046 ind) at the viewing distance of 11﹣15 m. Within the ornamental distance of 1﹣5 m, the resistance ability to the interference of varying age groups was significantly different, and the adult males have the most robust stance ability, followed by adolescent individuals. This study suggests that the ecotourism process in Shangri-La Yunnan Golden Monkey National Park has increased the environmental noise value and disturbed the Black Snub-nosed monkeys. Short tourists' viewing distance and the number of tourists increased disturbance degree. We suggest that the viewing distance of tourists should be strictly limited in the future ecotourism process, with the standard of more than 10 m; slogans should be set up to remind tourists to keep quiet to reduce the disturbance. |
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