| 李贝,郭宪国,任天广,赵成富,范蓉,毛珂玉,黄晓宾.2021.云南省短尾鼩体表螨类感染及相关生态分析.动物学杂志,56(5):686-695. |
| 云南省短尾鼩体表螨类感染及相关生态分析 |
| Infestation and Related Ecological Analyses of Mites on Mole Shrews (Anourosorex squamipes) in Yunnan Province |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-29 修订日期：2021-07-02 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202105006 |
| 中文关键词: 短尾鼩 革螨 恙螨 生态 云南省 |
| 英文关键词:Mole Shrew, Anourosorex squamipes Chigger mite Gamasid mite Ecology Yunnan |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（No. 81960380，81672055），大理大学创新团队基金项目（No. ZKLX2019104） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 根据2001至2015年对云南省30个县（市）的现场调查，本文对短尾鼩（Anourosorex squamipes）体表螨类（革螨和恙螨）的感染状况和相关生态规律进行了初步分析。常规统计短尾鼩体表螨类的构成比（Cr）、感染率（PM）、平均多度（MA）和感染度（MI）。用Jaccard相似性系数（J）比较螨类物种相似度。用Margalef指数（Mf）测定螨类物种丰富度，同时计算螨类科属级物种多样性（DF、DG、DG-F）。用聚块指数（m*/m）和负二项分布的K参数（k）测定优势螨种的空间分布型。用协调系数（V）测定革螨和恙螨两大类群之间的协调关系。在所调查的30个县市中，从10个县市累积捕获到348只短尾鼩，采集到螨类15 541只，分类鉴定为10科24属103种，恙螨物种丰富度（Mf）高于革螨，但革螨科属物种多样性各指标（DG = 2.80，DF = 2.32，DG-F = 0.17）均高于恙螨的相应指标（DG = 1.43，DF = 1.26，DG-F = 0.12）。短尾鼩体表螨类感染普遍，总感染率（PM = 80.75%）、总平均多度（MA = 44.66螨/鼩）和总感染度（MI = 55.31螨/鼩）均较高，革螨的这三项指标明显高于恙螨（PM：χ2 = 182.580，P < 0.001；MA：Z =﹣12.495，P < 0.001；MI：Z =﹣0.371，P > 0.05）。两大螨类之间呈较低程度正协调（V = 0.18，P < 0.001）。短尾鼩地厉螨（Dipolaelaps anourosorecis）是短尾鼩体表的优势革螨（Cr = 92.79%），密点纤恙螨（Leptotrombidium densipunctatum）是优势恙螨（Cr = 23.10%），两种优势螨种在短尾鼩不同个体间呈聚集分布（m*/m > 1，k > 0）。不同性别和不同年龄短尾鼩体表螨类感染存在差异，螨类更倾向于感染雌性和成年短尾鼩。雌雄短尾鼩体表恙螨种类相似度较低（J = 0.31），革螨种类相似度相对较高（J = 0.65）。不同年龄短尾鼩体表恙螨种类相似度很低（J = 0.17），革螨种类相似度也较低（J = 0.28）。结果表明，云南省短尾鼩体表螨类感染普遍，感染程度重，螨类物种多样性很高。密点纤恙螨是优势恙螨，短尾鼩地厉螨是优势革螨，两种优势螨种均呈聚集分布。不同性别和不同年龄短尾鼩体表螨类感染存在性别偏倚和年龄偏倚。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the field investigations in 30 counties of Yunnan Province between 2001 and 2015, the present paper analyzed the infestation and related ecological issues of mites (gamasid mites and chigger mites) on the body surface of Mole Shrews (Anourosorex squamipes) in the province. The constituent ratio (Cr), prevalence (PM), mean abundance (MA) and mean intensity (MI) of mites on A. squamipes shrews were calculated in a conventional way. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient (J) was calculated to compare the similarity of mite species. Margalef’s index (Mf) was used to measure the species richness of mites. The DF, DG and DG-F were used to measure the species diversity of mites at family and genus levels. The patchiness index (m*/m) and K parameter of negative binomial distribution (k) were used to determine the spatial distribution pattern of dominant mite species among different individuals of A. squamipes shrews. The association coefficient (V) was used to measure the mutual relationship between chigger mites (trombiculid mites) and gamasid mites. A total of 348 mole shrews (A. squamipes) were captured from 10 of 30 investigated counties in Yunnan. The collected 15 541 mites from A. squamipes were identified as 103 species belonging to 24 genera and 10 families. The Mf species richness of chigger mites was higher than that of gamasid mites, but all species diversity indices of gamasid mites at family and genus levels (DG = 2.80, DF = 2.32 and DG-F = 0.17) were higher than those of chigger mites (DG = 1.43, DF = 1.26 and DG-F = 0.12). The infestation of A. squamipes shrews with mites was common with a high overall prevalence (PM = 80.75%), mean abundance (MA = 44.66 mites/shrew) and mean intensity (MI = 55.31 mites/shrew). The PM, MA and MI of gamasid mites were obviously higher than those of chigger mites (PM: χ2 = 182.580, P < 0.001; MA: Z =﹣12.495, P< 0.001; MI: Z =﹣0.371, P > 0.05). A positive association existed between chigger mites and gamasid mites (V = 0.18, P < 0.001). Dipolaelaps anourosorecis (Cr = 92.79%) was the dominant species of gamasid mites and Leptotrombidium densipunctatum (Cr = 23.10%) was the dominant species of chigger mites. The two dominant mite species were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of their animal host, A. squamipes (m*/m > 1, k > 0). Different sexes and different ages of A. squamipes had different mite infestations, and more mites tended to choose male and adult A. squamipes shrews. The species similarity of chigger mites was relatively low on male and female A. squamipes shrews (J = 0.31), but that of gamasid mites was relatively high (J = 0.65). The species similarity of chigger mites was very low on different ages of A. squamipes shrews (J = 0.17), and that of gamasid mites was also low (J = 0.28). The infestation of A. squamipes shrews with mites is common with heavy infestation intensity and very high species diversity of mites. On A. squamipes shrews, L. densipunctatum is the dominant species of chigger mites and D. anourosorecis is the dominant species of gamasid mites, and they are of aggregated distribution. There are sex-bias and age-bias in the infestations of A. squamipes shrews with mites. |
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