[Objectives] The aims of this study are to understand the characteristics of the changes of immunity and stress levels of female Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) after birth and during the lactation period, and to provide theoretical basis for the effective protection, feeding and management of female Musk Deer and their young in the special period. [Methods] Fecal samples of lactating female Musk Deer and young Musk Deer (Table 1) were collected from April to September 2010. The quantity of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, sIgA ) and cortisol which were extracted from faeces were determined by ELISA and were analyzed by SPSS 22.0, the hypothesis of normality is tested by examining normal probability graphs and calculating Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics, and then one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons are made. [Results] The quantity of IgG, IgM and sIgA of captive female Musk Deer showed that the values of IgG and IgM were respectively 406.02 ± 12.48 μg/g and 3 920.30 ± 83.57 ng/g, which were at a high level in the early stage after delivery, then gradually decreased and remained stable. What’s more, the IgG and IgM showed a similar trend of change (Fig. 1 and 2). The quantity of sIgA continued to rise after delivery and remained stable until the 14^th week (Fig. 3). The quantity of IgG, IgM and sIgA of young Musk Deer showed an obvious change pattern, and the value of IgG and IgM significantly decreased after weaning (about the 11^th - 12^th week after delivery) (Fig. 5 and 6), at the same time the quantity of sIgA decreased after weaning, but the decreasing was not significant (Fig. 7). Around the 16^th week, IgG and IgM levels increased again and stabilized over time (Fig. 5 and 6), while sIgA showed no significant change (Fig. 7). The cortisol data of female Forest Musk Deer showed that cortisol levels were high in the first 6 weeks after calving and there was a small increase on the 11^th week after parturition (weaning period) (Fig. 4). The cortisol of young Forest Musk Deer showed an increasing trend at about the 11^th week after birth (weaning stage) (Fig. 8), indicating that weaning behavior caused certain physiological pressure on both mother and young Forest Musk Deer. [Conclusion] During the six weeks after calving, the female Forest Musk Deer was in the tense state of labor and nursing, which was the sensitive period of management and nursing work. In addition, weaning will cause physiological stress to the young Forest Musk Deer, and the 9^th-15^th weeks of growth of the young Forest Musk Deer is the key period for survival.