Food caching is an effective survival strategy that animals have evolved to cope with unpredictable environmental changes. Cognition is a major area in ornithological research, with much work being done on avian cognition, particularly regarding food caching behavior. Although spatial cognition has received considerable attention, there has been a dearth of research on social cognition in current studies. Species that heavily rely on stored food during periods of scarcity, not only require well-developed spatial cognition to memorize the location of their caches but also need strong social cognition ability to handle interactions with potential pilferage. This article provides a comprehensive review of social cognition about avian food caching behavior, which focuses on two aspects:social relations cognition and social status cognition. Our review will highlight the social cognitive abilities of birds.