[Objectives] Cultivation will lead to the aggravation of desertification and have a serious impact on animal communities. Functional diversity can precisely reflect the differences in community structure caused by environmental or interference stress. In this study, the desert rodent community in Alxa was taken as the research object to explore the changes in functional composition and functional diversity of the desert rodent community under the disturbance of cultivation, to provide a scientific basis for the maintenance of small mammal diversity in desert areas. The functional strategies of rodents to adapt to the environment are different, and their community structure is also different. Functional traits can reflect the interaction between species and abiotic and biotic factors in the environment and are closely related to niche differentiation, species coexistence, and community construction. Environmental filtering significantly affects community functional diversity. To this end, we propose the hypothesis that cultivation will affect the functional diversity of rodent communities and have seasonal changes. Through the change in functional diversity index, it shows the impact on community ecological space utilization, resource utilization, and niche. [Methods] The effects of cultivation and uncultivated on the functional diversity of desert rodent communities in Alxa were studied in April, July, and October of 2018-2020. The trap-day method was used to study rodent communities in disturbed habitats. Five functional traits were selected and quantified:nutrition, life history, physiology, morphology, and activity rhythm. and this paper uses Excel to input, sort out and calculate the species diversity of the original data. The different level of rodent species diversity between cultivation and uncultivated areas was determined by SPSS 20.0 one-way analysis of variance. The significant difference level was set to (P < 0.05) and plotted with Origin Pro 8 software. The ‘mFD’ package of software R 4.2.0 was used to analyze the correlation between the functional axis and species traits, β diversity, Jaccard similarity coefficient, Kruskal- Wallis test, and functional diversity index calculation, and the ‘ggplot2’ package was used for mapping. [Results] The results showed that:(1) In the two communities of cultivation and uncultivated (Table 2), the richness index, diversity index, and evenness index of the cultivation area were higher than those of the uncultivated area, indicating that the species diversity of the cultivation area was the highest and the overall distribution of the species was more uniform, and the cultivation changed the trait composition of the rodent community (Table 3). (2) The community composition in spring, summer, and autumn was significantly correlated with functional traits such as dormancy (P < 0.05), reproductive cycle (P < 0.05), and feeding habit (P < 0.05). The above functional traits could be considered as the main driving factors for the distribution of desert rodents in the Alxa desert (Table 3, Fig. 2). (3) Functional richness reflects the utilization degree of ecological space of the community, functional evenness reflects the utilization degree of effective resources of the community, and functional dispersion reflects the competition among species of the community. There are some spatial differences and seasonal changes in the functional diversity index of the desert rodent community in Alxa. cultivation area:the richness and evenness of community function in spring and autumn were higher than those in uncultivated areas, and the dispersion of community function in each season was significantly higher than that in uncultivated areas. Uncultivated area:the richness of community function in summer is higher than that in the cultivation area, and the evenness of community function in autumn is higher than that in the reclaimed area (Fig. 4﹣6). (4) The highest value of community functional richness in both cultivation and uncultivated areas appeared in summer, and the differences between the two in different seasons were compared (Fig. 3b). The highest value of community functional evenness in the cultivation area appeared in spring (Fig. 4a), and the highest value of functional dispersion appeared in autumn (Fig. 5c), and the difference between the two seasons was small. The highest value of functional evenness of uncultivated communities appeared in autumn (Fig. 4c), and the highest value of functional dispersion appeared in summer (Fig. 5b), both of which were quite different between seasons. (5) Fig. 4:FRic:Functional richness index, The blue dots and the connected parts represent the species distribution points and ranges in the uncultivated areas. the red dot and the connected part represent the species distribution point and range of the cultivation area; Fig. 5:FEve:Functional evenness index; Blue represents the uncultivated area, red represents the cultivated area; the size of the circle represents the abundance of species in the community. the larger the circle is the more species, and the smaller the circle is the fewer species; Fig. 6:FDiv:Functional divergence index; Blue represents the uncultivated area, red represents the cultivation area; the size of the solid circle represents the abundance of species in the community, and the diamond and triangle represent the center of gravity of the community in the uncultivated area and the cultivation area. [Conclusion] The above results indicate that the functional diversity of the community is different due to the differences in community composition and niche. The functional diversity of rodent communities in the Alxa desert area is associated with land reclamation and seasons, cultivation will also affect the functional diversity of the community from the aspects of ecological space utilization, resource utilization, interspecific competition, and niche.