| 柱娜,李鑫,付和平,李琳琳,陈国康,袁帅,武晓东.2023.开垦对阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落功能多样性的影响.动物学杂志,58(6):867-880. |
| 开垦对阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落功能多样性的影响 |
| Effects of Cultivation on Functional Diversity of Desert Rodent Community in Alxa Desert |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-08 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202323040 |
| 中文关键词: 干扰 啮齿动物群落 功能多样性 功能性状 |
| 英文关键词:Disturbance Rodent community Functional diversity Functional traits |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区青年科技人才发展计划项目(No. NJYT22044)，国家自然科学基金项目(No. 32060256, 32060395)，内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(No. 2021GG0108)，内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(No. 2021ZD0006)，内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费(No. BR220106，BR221037)，草原生态保护修复治理补助项目(No. Z75070050001-2110405)，内蒙古自然基金项目(No. 2023MS03025)； |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 开垦会导致荒漠化的加剧，并对动物群落产生严重的影响。而功能多样性恰恰能体现环境或干扰胁迫导致的群落结构差异。但有关啮齿动物群落功能多样性的研究并不多见，为此，我们在2018至2020年的4月、7月和10月利用铗日法对开垦区和未开垦区的啮齿动物群落进行调查，选择并量化了与其营养、生活史、生理、形态及活动节律等相关的5个功能性状，以探讨开垦对啮齿动物群落组成的影响，以及性状组成和功能多样性变化。研究结果表明：(1)开垦区群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均低于未开垦区，开垦改变了啮齿动物群落性状组成；(2)阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落组成与蛰眠、繁殖周期和食性等功能性状显著相关；(3)开垦区春、秋季群落功能丰富度和功能均匀度高于未开垦区，各季节群落功能离散度显著高于未开垦区；而未开垦区夏季群落功能丰富度高于开垦区，秋季群落功能均匀度高于开垦区；(4)开垦区和未开垦区群落功能丰富度最高值均出现在夏季，二者在不同季节间差异较大；开垦区群落功能均匀度最高值出现在春季、功能离散度最高值出现在秋季，二者在季节间差异均较小；未开垦群落功能均匀度最高值出现在秋季、功能离散度最高值出现在夏季，二者在季节间差异均较大。上述结果说明，阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落功能多样性变化与土地开垦和季节相关联，开垦会从啮齿动物群落的生态空间利用程度、资源利用、种间竞争及生态位等方面影响群落功能多样性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Cultivation will lead to the aggravation of desertification and have a serious impact on animal communities. Functional diversity can precisely reflect the differences in community structure caused by environmental or interference stress. In this study, the desert rodent community in Alxa was taken as the research object to explore the changes in functional composition and functional diversity of the desert rodent community under the disturbance of cultivation, to provide a scientific basis for the maintenance of small mammal diversity in desert areas. The functional strategies of rodents to adapt to the environment are different, and their community structure is also different. Functional traits can reflect the interaction between species and abiotic and biotic factors in the environment and are closely related to niche differentiation, species coexistence, and community construction. Environmental filtering significantly affects community functional diversity. To this end, we propose the hypothesis that cultivation will affect the functional diversity of rodent communities and have seasonal changes. Through the change in functional diversity index, it shows the impact on community ecological space utilization, resource utilization, and niche. [Methods] The effects of cultivation and uncultivated on the functional diversity of desert rodent communities in Alxa were studied in April, July, and October of 2018-2020. The trap-day method was used to study rodent communities in disturbed habitats. Five functional traits were selected and quantified:nutrition, life history, physiology, morphology, and activity rhythm. and this paper uses Excel to input, sort out and calculate the species diversity of the original data. The different level of rodent species diversity between cultivation and uncultivated areas was determined by SPSS 20.0 one-way analysis of variance. The significant difference level was set to (P < 0.05) and plotted with Origin Pro 8 software. The ‘mFD’ package of software R 4.2.0 was used to analyze the correlation between the functional axis and species traits, β diversity, Jaccard similarity coefficient, Kruskal- Wallis test, and functional diversity index calculation, and the ‘ggplot2’ package was used for mapping. [Results] The results showed that:(1) In the two communities of cultivation and uncultivated (Table 2), the richness index, diversity index, and evenness index of the cultivation area were higher than those of the uncultivated area, indicating that the species diversity of the cultivation area was the highest and the overall distribution of the species was more uniform, and the cultivation changed the trait composition of the rodent community (Table 3). (2) The community composition in spring, summer, and autumn was significantly correlated with functional traits such as dormancy (P < 0.05), reproductive cycle (P < 0.05), and feeding habit (P < 0.05). The above functional traits could be considered as the main driving factors for the distribution of desert rodents in the Alxa desert (Table 3, Fig. 2). (3) Functional richness reflects the utilization degree of ecological space of the community, functional evenness reflects the utilization degree of effective resources of the community, and functional dispersion reflects the competition among species of the community. There are some spatial differences and seasonal changes in the functional diversity index of the desert rodent community in Alxa. cultivation area:the richness and evenness of community function in spring and autumn were higher than those in uncultivated areas, and the dispersion of community function in each season was significantly higher than that in uncultivated areas. Uncultivated area:the richness of community function in summer is higher than that in the cultivation area, and the evenness of community function in autumn is higher than that in the reclaimed area (Fig. 4﹣6). (4) The highest value of community functional richness in both cultivation and uncultivated areas appeared in summer, and the differences between the two in different seasons were compared (Fig. 3b). The highest value of community functional evenness in the cultivation area appeared in spring (Fig. 4a), and the highest value of functional dispersion appeared in autumn (Fig. 5c), and the difference between the two seasons was small. The highest value of functional evenness of uncultivated communities appeared in autumn (Fig. 4c), and the highest value of functional dispersion appeared in summer (Fig. 5b), both of which were quite different between seasons. (5) Fig. 4:FRic:Functional richness index, The blue dots and the connected parts represent the species distribution points and ranges in the uncultivated areas. the red dot and the connected part represent the species distribution point and range of the cultivation area; Fig. 5:FEve:Functional evenness index; Blue represents the uncultivated area, red represents the cultivated area; the size of the circle represents the abundance of species in the community. the larger the circle is the more species, and the smaller the circle is the fewer species; Fig. 6:FDiv:Functional divergence index; Blue represents the uncultivated area, red represents the cultivation area; the size of the solid circle represents the abundance of species in the community, and the diamond and triangle represent the center of gravity of the community in the uncultivated area and the cultivation area. [Conclusion] The above results indicate that the functional diversity of the community is different due to the differences in community composition and niche. The functional diversity of rodent communities in the Alxa desert area is associated with land reclamation and seasons, cultivation will also affect the functional diversity of the community from the aspects of ecological space utilization, resource utilization, interspecific competition, and niche. |
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