| 汪蕴琪,陆帅,刘正霄,靳亭,李建强,曾娅杰,徐基良.2023.人为干扰对白冠长尾雉的活动区面积和栖息地利用的影响.动物学杂志,58(6):827-839. |
| 人为干扰对白冠长尾雉的活动区面积和栖息地利用的影响 |
| Effects of Human Disturbance on the Home Range and Habitat Utilization of the Reeves’s Pheasants |
| 投稿时间：2023-05-23 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202323101 |
| 中文关键词: 繁殖期 白冠长尾雉 卫星追踪 人为干扰 |
| 英文关键词:Breeding season Reeves’s pheasant, Syrmaticus reevesii Satellite tracking Human disturbance |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No. 31872240)； |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 人类活动会改变地区原始的生态环境，对当地动物种群的空间利用产生影响。因此，了解人为干扰条件下濒危物种对空间的利用情况有助于更好地进行保护。活动区和栖息地利用是对动物空间需求最好的度量，掌握这些信息对有效保护鸟类具有重要意义。本研究于2020和2021年对湖北省广水市平靖关村周边的白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)进行追踪，获得了47组白冠长尾雉的活动区面积和栖息地利用信息。将实际栖息地利用率的置信区间与理论利用率相比得到白冠长尾雉对栖息地的偏好，并采用广义线性混合模型对栖息地利用率和活动区面积的影响因素进行逐步剔除分析。结果发现，该地区白冠长尾雉主要利用针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和灌木林，但按照干扰强度划分后，低干扰区的白冠长尾雉只倾向于利用针阔混交林。雄性个体对落叶阔叶林的利用率与居民点的距离呈负相关关系，低干扰区雌性个体对落叶阔叶林的利用率与居民点距离呈反比，而对针阔混交林利用率与居民点距离呈正相关，雌性个体在高干扰区对针阔混交林的利用率随居民点和农田距离的增大而增大；活动区面积方面，雌性的面积显著大于雄性，并且在高干扰区活动区面积与居民点距离呈负相关。以上研究结果提供了有关地栖性森林鸟类在人类主导的环境中的活动区及栖息地利用的响应，为地栖性森林鸟类的保护工作提供了一定的科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Human activities have significantly transformed the natural ecological environment of the region, leading to notable impacts on the spatial utilization patterns of local animal populations. Consequently, gaining insights into the spatial requirements of endangered species under conditions of human disturbance becomes crucial for their effective conservation. Home range and habitat utilization serve as paramount indicators of an animal’s spatial needs, and comprehending the characteristics of home ranges and habitat preferences becomes imperative for bird conservation efforts to yield optimal results. [Methods] In this study, we employed the “noose method” to capture individuals and researched the breeding season home range of Reeves’s Pheasants (Syrmaticus reevesii) using satellite tracking. The fixed kernel (FK) density estimation was utilized to estimate the home range and assess the habitat utilization of each individual. By analyzing the percentage of recorded locations within specific land types, we evaluated the habitat utilization of Reeves’s Pheasants. The theoretical habitat utilization was determined by calculating the percentage of each land type in relation to the total study area. To assess the habitat selection preference of Reeves’s Pheasants, we compared the confidence interval of actual habitat utilization with the numerical values of theoretical habitat utilization. Our analysis focused on three key factors associated with human disturbance:the intensity of human disturbance, distance to farm, and distance to residential areas. We performed a stepwise elimination analysis using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to examine the factors influencing habitat utilization and home range size of the Reeves’s Pheasants. [Results] From 2020 to 2021, we have collected home range and habitat utilization for 47 individuals. The results showed that the Reeves’s Pheasants mainly utilize mixed coniferous forests, deciduous broadleaf forests, and shrub forests (Table 1). However, when classified according to disturbance intensity, the Reeves’s Pheasants in low-disturbance areas tend to use mixed coniferous forests only (Table 2). In high disturbance areas, the utilization rate of deciduous broadleaf forests by female individuals shows little change with respect to the distance to residential areas and farms, while the utilization rate of mixed coniferous forests increases as the distance to residential areas and farm increases. In low disturbance areas, as the distance to residential areas increases, the utilization rate of deciduous broadleaf forests decreases, but the utilization rate of mixed coniferous forests increases. Additionally, as the distance to the farm increases, the utilization rate of deciduous broadleaf forests also increases, but the relationship between the utilization rate of mixed coniferous forests and the distance to the farm is not as pronounced (Table 3, Fig. 3). The utilization rate of male individuals in deciduous broadleaf forests or mixed coniferous forests is not influenced by disturbance intensity. The utilization rate of male individuals in deciduous broadleaf forests decreases with increasing distance to residential areas and increases with increasing distance to farms. Neither the distance to residential areas nor the distance to farm affects the utilization rate of male individuals in mixed coniferous forests (Table 3, Fig. 4). The home range of females (18.19 ± 1.59 hm2, n = 28) was significantly larger than that of males (12.39 ± 1.52 hm2, n = 19), and the home range size of females was negatively correlated with the distance to residential areas in the high disturbance area (Table 4, Fig. 5). [Conclusion] These findings enhance our understanding of the spatial requirements and habitat preferences of the Reeves’s Pheasants, shedding light on the influence of human disturbance on their behavior. Our study offers valuable insights into the behavioral responses of Galliformes to ongoing human activities, taking into account factors such as human disturbance, sex, home range, and habitat utilization. Through a comprehensive examination of these factors, our objective is to establish a solid scientific basis for the conservation of ground-nesting forest birds. |
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