| 孙一佳,李银波,吴铁,沈雨黔,杨娴,马力.2023.斑腿泛树蛙两性异形和雌性繁殖能力及其影响因素.动物学杂志,58(5):734-741. |
| 斑腿泛树蛙两性异形和雌性繁殖能力及其影响因素 |
| Sexual Dimorphism and Female Reproductive Ability of Polypedates megacephalus and Its Influencing Factors |
| 投稿时间：2023-02-20 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202305007 |
| 中文关键词: 斑腿泛树蛙 两性异形 雌性繁殖 生育力选择 |
| 英文关键词:Polypedates megacephalus Sexual dimorphism Female reproduction Fertility selection |
| 基金项目:百山祖国家公园科研项目(No. 2021KFLY01)，丽水市重点研发项目(No. 2021ZDYF09，2020ZDYF07)； |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究两栖类物种雌雄间的形态差异，不仅有助于理解物种两性异形的模式与机制，而且对其繁殖策略、繁殖投入和进化选择压力的研究都具有重要意义。2020年4月至2021年8月以浙江省丽水市丽水学院校园永久池塘内的斑腿泛树蛙(Polypedates megacephalus)为实验对象，共61只(♀12，♂49)，测量其头体长、头长、吻宽、前肢长、后肢长等12项形态特征及体重来研究该物种的两性异形，并收集窝卵数和孵化数据分析雌性繁殖能力。结果表明：斑腿泛树蛙具有显著的两性异形，且雌性个体大于雄性个体；眼径、胫长和鼻间距在两性间无显著差异，头体长、头长、吻宽、吻长、眼间距、前肢长、后肢长、前臂及手长、足长和体重均具有显著差异；斑腿泛树蛙雌性个体产卵和孵化率受季节影响显著，其中4和5月窝卵数最多，6月卵孵化率最高；雌性怀卵数量与体长呈正相关关系。依据上述结果，本研究推测生育力选择是造成斑腿泛树蛙两性异形的主要因素，雌性个体通过增大个体体型来增加怀卵量，从而提高繁殖输出；斑腿泛树蛙繁殖期受季节影响，为更好地适应雨季的提前或推迟，在进化过程中形成了延长式繁殖的模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Studying the morphological differences between male and female in amphibians not only helps to understand the patterns and mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in species, but also has important implications for the study of their reproductive strategies, reproductive investment, and evolutionary selection pressures. [Methods] In this study, we collected 61 individuals (12 females and 49 males) of Polypedates megacephalus from a permanent pond on the campus of Lishui College in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, China, from April 2020 to August 2021, and measured 12 morphological characteristics including snout-vent length, head length, mouth width, forelimb length, hindlimb length, and weight to investigate sexual dimorphism in this species. We also collected data on clutch size and hatching success to analyze female reproductive ability. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in body weight and snout-vent length, and a one-way ANCOVA test using body length as a covariate to examine whether there were differences in head length, mouth width, mouth length, eye diameter, interocular length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, forearm-fingers length, tibia length, foot length, and internasal length between sexes. If differences were found, we further employed Tukey’s multiple comparison test. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to investigate whether there were differences in clutch size and hatching rate of P. megacephalus among different breeding months. We also performed a linear regression analysis to examine the linear relationship between maternal body length and clutch size. [Results] Our results showed that P. megacephalus exhibited significant sexual dimorphism, with females larger than males. Except for eye diameter, tibial length, and internasal length, all other morphological characteristics, including snout-vent length, head length, mouth width, mouth length, interocular length, forelimb length, hindlimb length, forearm-fingers length, foot length, and weight, were significantly higher in females than in males (P < 0.05) (Table 1, Fig. 1). The clutch size and hatching success of P. megacephalus females were significantly affected by season, with the highest clutch size occurring in April to May (Table 2) and the highest hatching success occurring in June (Table 2) The number of eggs carried by females was positively correlated with body length (Fig. 2). [Conclusion] Therefore, we speculate that fecundity selection is the main factor causing sexual dimorphism in P. megacephalus, with females increasing their individual size to increase their egg-carrying capacity and improve reproductive output. The reproductive period of P. megacephalus is influenced by season, and it has evolved a pattern of extended reproduction to better adapt to the early or delayed rainy season. |
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