| 胡奕,黄悦,姚雅棋,郑希羽,胡平霞,张春雨,郑蔚虹.2023.温州地区小杓鹬的代谢产热特征.动物学杂志,58(4):486-495. |
| 温州地区小杓鹬的代谢产热特征 |
| Metabolic Thermogenesis in Little Curlew Numenius minutus at Wenzhou Area |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-13 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202304002 |
| 中文关键词: 小杓鹬 基础代谢率 环境温度 热传导 热中性区 |
| 英文关键词:Numenius minutus Basal metabolic rate Ambient temperature Thermal conductance Thermal neutral zone |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.31470472，31971420)； |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 动物能量代谢相关的生理生态特征与其地理分布密切相关。为探讨温州地区迁徙鸟类小杓鹬(Numenius minutus)的代谢产热特征及体温调节，本文在环境温度(Ta)5.0 ~ 42.5 ℃范围内，测定了小杓鹬的代谢率(Rm，以单位时间耗氧量表示，ml/h)和体温，并计算不同环境温度的热传导。结果显示：在环境温度为5 ~ 35 ℃的范围内，小杓鹬的体温维持相对恒定，平均体温为(42.8 ± 0.10)℃；热中性区为27.5 ~ 40.0 ℃；在热中性区温度范围内，代谢率即基础代谢率为(221.31 ± 6.01)ml/h，是体重预期值的141%；环境温度在5.0 ~ 27.5 ℃范围内，代谢率与环境温度(Ta，℃)呈负相关，回归方程为Rm = 587.10﹣11.78 Ta；在5.0 ~ 27.5 ℃的环境温度范围内，小杓鹬的热传导最低，平均为(0.11 ± 0.00)ml/(g.h.℃)，是体重预期值的212%；代谢预期比和热传导预期比的比值(F值)为1.21，表明该物种有较好的体温调节能力。小杓鹬具有较高的体温和基础代谢率，较宽的热中性区，具有北方地区小型鸟类的代谢特点，而较高的下临界温度和热传导利于其在较温暖的地区越冬。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] The physiological and ecological characteristics associated with the basal metabolic rate (Rbm) of birds correlate closely with their geographic distribution. In order to understand the ecophysiological characteristics of the Little Curlew Numenius minutus in the Wenzhou area, we measured their body temperature (Tb) and metabolic rate (Rm, metabolic rate was expressed as ml of O2 consumed per h), and calculated their thermal conductance (C) at ambient temperature (Ta) from 5 to 42.5 ℃. [Methods] Metabolic rate (ml/h) was estimated as the rate of oxygen consumption in an open-flow respirometry system (TSE, Germany). Basal metabolic rate was calculated for each individual as the average of 10 lowest consecutive oxygen consumption recordings (about 5 min) (Fig. 1). Thermal conductance [ml/(g.h.℃)] was calculated at each temperature using the formula:C = Rm/(Tb﹣Ta). F value was calculated as F = (Rbm/predicted Rbm)/(C/predicted C). All data were analyzed by SPSS (version 21.0). The effects of ambient temperature on body temperature, metabolic rate, and thermal conductance were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. The metabolic rates at different ambient temperatures were directly compared using independent sample t-test. Linear, or exponential, models were fitted where appropriate to describe the relationship between metabolic rate or thermal conductance and ambient temperature. All results were expressed as the mean ± SE, and P< 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant. [Results] There was no significant difference in initial body temperature over an ambient temperature range of 5﹣35 ℃, as Little Curlews could maintain their body temperature at 42.8 ± 0.1 ℃ (Fig. 2). There was, however, a significant variation in final body temperature over the same temperature range. The mean body temperature reached 43.7 ℃ when the ambient temperature was 42.5 ℃ (Fig. 2). The thermal neutral zone was 27.5﹣40.0 ℃, and the meanmetabolic rate within the thermal neutral zone was 221.31 ± 6.01 ml/h, accounting for 141% of the expected value based on the bird’s body mass (Fig. 3). Below the lower critical temperature, metabolic rate increased with declining ambient temperatures, and the relationship between metabolic rate and ambient temperature could be described as Rm (ml/h) = 587.10﹣11.78 Ta (℃). At a 5﹣27.5 ℃ ambient temperature range, the thermal conductance was 0.11 ± 0.00 ml/(g.h.℃), representing 212% of the expected value based on the bird’s body mass (Table 1). However, the thermal conductance increased exponentially from 27.5 ℃ to 42.5 ℃ as described by the equation lg C [ml/(g.h.℃)] = 0.070 + 0.006 Ta (Fig. 4). The F value was 1.21. [Conclusion] The findings suggested that Little Curlews were able to adapt to the environment by implementing a relatively high level of basal metabolic rate, wider thermal neutral zone, high body temperature, and intensity of chemical thermoregulation. These properties would enable the birds to readily acclimate to their environments and survive in relatively cold areas. |
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