| 朴正吉,睢亚臣,崔志刚,张国利,王群,傅学魁.2011.长白山自然保护区猫科动物种群数量变化及现状.动物学杂志,46(3):78-84. |
| 长白山自然保护区猫科动物种群数量变化及现状 |
| The History and Current Status of Felid Population in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve |
| 投稿时间：2010-11-04 修订日期：2011-01-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 猫科动物 种群数量变化 长白山自然保护区 |
| 英文关键词:Felid Population trend Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve |
| 基金项目:中国人与生物圈国家委员会(1986年)资助,国家林业局野生动植物保护司资助(2007.12.9); |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 1985~2009年,在长白山自然保护区及其周边地区采用野外样线调查和社会访问调查的方法,对猫科动物种群数量变化及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,长白山自然保护区记载的东北虎(Panthera tigris)、远东豹(P.pardus)、猞猁(Felis lynx)和豹猫(F.bengalensis)4种猫科动物中,野外调查仅统计到猞猁和豹猫2种,调查总次数中,猞猁出现率为3.09%±2.30%,平均遇见个体数为(0.010±0.007)只/km;豹猫的出现率为7.66%±6.19%,平均遇见个体数为(0.03±0.02)只/km。访问调查结果显示,1960~1980年期间,在长白山自然保护区及周边6 000 km2范围内捕杀东北虎13只,捕杀远东豹2只。根据被猎杀东北虎的分布范围,估计其领域面积为560 km2。东北虎和远东豹的历史分布密度为0.22只/100 km2和0.03只/100 km2。目前,猞猁和豹猫的种群数量非常稀少,已处于区域性濒危状态。这说明了猫科动物对区域环境变化比较敏感,表明栖息地破坏和过度捕猎动物是导致濒危的重要原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Propulation trends of wild cat species were estimated based on the data collected from 30 transect lines oin each winter of 1985 to 2009 and from interviewing the local people in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and its surrounding area. Previous studies have recorded the tracks of four cats, Eurasian Lynx(Felis lynx), Leopard Cat (F.benglaensis), Siberian Tiger(Panthera tigris), and Amour Leopard(P.pardus) in the study area. However, only Lynx and Leopard cat were found in our filed survey. Transect lines with tracks of Eurasian Lynx only accounted 3.09%±2.30% of the total transect surveys conducted, and the encounter rate was 0.010±0.007 ind/km transect in average. The tracks of Leopared Cat were recorded in 7.66%±6.19% of the total transects surveyed with a encounter rate of 0.03±0.02 ind/km, respectively. Total of 13 killings on Siberian Tigers and 2 killings on Amure Leopards were reported by the local people in the region of Changbai Mountain Naure Reserve and surrounding area with 6 000 km2 in size during 1960s to 1980s. The historical density of Siberian Tigers and Amur Lecopards per 100 km2 were estimated 0.22 and 0.03 individuals, respectively. The home range of Siberian Tigers was estimated 560 km2 based on the area size of 13 killings occurred. The population density of Eurasian Lynxes and Leopard casts decreased significantly in recent years, the two cat species were endangrered in the study area. Habitat destruction, lower prey density and hunting are the three major reasons for the cat populations decline in the study area. |
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