The Black-necked Crane ( Grus nigricollis ), local name is Tu-er-na, mainly distributes on the border of Tibet and Qinghai, which belongs to Altun and Kunlun Mountains, and hardly recorded in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The authors have observed Black-necked Crane in Ruoqiang County (Qimantag, E Kunlun Mts., and Altun Mts.), Qarqan County (Tula Wetlands, Qarqan River), Hotan County (Aksayqin Lake), Moyu County, Pishan County (Karakax River), Yecheng County (Yarkant River) in 1985 to 2010.By direct counting and the questionnaire survey, we estimated the population size 180-220 individuals in Xinjiang. In the Altun Mts. Nature Reserve, 137 cranes, the largest population were recorded in the autumn migration season, 2003.The most recently record of Black-necked Crane was in the Lop Nur (N 40°19', E 91°58', alt. 790 m) on May 18^th, 2010.The Lop Nur would be the northernmost distribution location with lowest latitude and extreme arid environment. This record has extended the distribution region of this typical Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau species northwards at 2°-3° latitudes. Whether the Black-necked Crane has historically distributed in the Lop Nur is unknown. The authors doubt the truth of the records on Black-necked Crane in several locations, Xinjiang in 1980s and 1990s.