| 刘毅,林小涛,孙军,张鹏飞,陈国柱.2011.东江下游惠州河段鱼类群落组成变化特征.动物学杂志,46(2):1-11. |
| 东江下游惠州河段鱼类群落组成变化特征 |
| Fish Community Changes in Huizhou Segment of Dongjiang River |
| 投稿时间：2010-10-18 修订日期：2010-12-27 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 东江 剑潭坝 鱼类群落 多样性 |
| 英文关键词:The Dongjiang River Jiantan Dam Fish community Diversity |
| 基金项目:国家科技重大专项项目(No.2009ZX07211-009),暨南大学创新基金项目; |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2007~2010年先后5次对东江下游惠州(剑潭)河段鱼类群落进行调查,共采集到鱼类69种,分属于8目20科58属,主要以鲤科(39种)、鲿科(7种)、鳅科(5种)为主。鲮(Cirrhina molitorella)、 NFDA1 (Hemiculter leucisculus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)为该河段优势种。除食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)外,在该河段新采到4种外来鱼类,分别为罗非鱼(Tilapia sp.)、露斯塔野鲮(Labeo rohita)、麦瑞加拉鲮(Cirrhina mrigala)和下口鲇(Hypostomus plecostomus)。与20世纪80年代调查资料相比,目前东江下游惠州河段定居性、杂食性鱼类比例升高,洄游性、肉食性鱼类比例下降。通过个体生态学矩阵(autecology matrix)分析,东江下游河段鱼类群落中肉食性、喜砂砾底质的底层急流鱼类受环境变化影响程度较大。从Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou’s 均匀性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及G-F指数看,剑潭坝上下游河段鱼类群落多样性已开始显现出差异性。大坝建设、水体污染、过度捕捞等是影响东江下游河段鱼类群落变动的重要因素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Five surveys were carried on in Huizhou segment of Dongjiang River from 2007 to 2010. Total of 69 freshwater fish species belong to 8 orders, 20 families and 58 genera were collected, most of fishes belong to family Cyorinidae (39 species), Bagridae (7) and Cobitidae (5). Cirrhina molitorella, Hemiculter leucisculus, Cyprinus carpio and Squaliobarbus curriculus are dominated species in the lower reaches studied.Besides Gambusia affinis, four more exotic species including Tilapia sp., Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, and Hypostomus plecostomus were newly recorded.Compared with the data collected in 1980s’, the proportion of sedentary and omnivore species increased, while migratory and carnivore species declined.The result by using autecology matrix analysis showed that carnivore fish species living at gravel bottom and in riffle at downstream decreased greatly.According to Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s index, Margalef index and G-F index, the differences in fish community diversity in the up and down of Jiantan Dam was found.The important factors influencing the change of fish community in the lower reaches of the Dongjiang River might be the dam construction, water pollution, and excessive catching. |
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