The Gansu Zokor(Myospalax cansus)is a subterranean rodent inhabiting the relatively arid zones of Loess Plateau.Comparative studies on its kidney morphology and microstructure have been conducted in order to understand how this species utilizes water.The kidney is smooth,non-lobular and broad bean-shaped.The ratio of thickness of the renal cortex to the medulla and the ratio of the number of proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the cortical labyrinth are 0.71 and 2.25,respectively.The density of renal corpuscle in superficial cortex is more than that in the deep cortex.The glomus diameters are also different,with juxtamedullary nephron > superficial nephron.The microstructure characteristics show that the re-absorption capacity of kidneys is lower in Gansu Zokor than in other mammals which inhabit in the arid areas.These structural characteristics have importance significance for adaptation to living environment.