| 王玉娇,董建英,米晓钰,温永强,刘霞,杜晓华.2020.赛加羚羊部分器官组织学结构观察.动物学杂志,55(4):477-484. |
| 赛加羚羊部分器官组织学结构观察 |
| The Histological Structure of Some Organs in Saiga tatarica |
| 投稿时间：2020-03-13 修订日期：2020-06-30 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202004009 |
| 中文关键词: 赛加羚羊 器官 组织结构 |
| 英文关键词:Saiga tatarica Organ Tissue structure |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技厅重点研发科技项目（No. 17YF1NH084），校企横向合作项目（No. 032-031120，No. 032-031121） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解世界濒危物种、国家Ⅰ级保护野生动物赛加羚羊（Saiga tatarica）主要器官组织的结构特征，本研究利用石蜡组织切片技术，对1只因胎衣不下死亡的雌性成年赛加羚羊心、肝、脾、肺、肾的组织结构进行了观察。赛加羚羊心肌纤维发达，呈圆柱状，有分支，其胞核位于细胞边缘，各心肌纤维分支末端相互连接构成肌纤维网，闰盘明显。肝组织致密，间质少，肝小叶分界不清，切面呈不规则的多边形，肝细胞以中央静脉为中心呈放射状排列。脾的被膜较厚，脾小梁由被膜和脾门的结缔组织伸入脾实质形成，相互连接构成脾的粗支架；实质部分可明显分为白髓和红髓，白髓主要分布在脾内小动脉周围，其内部脾小结形状为圆形或椭圆形；红髓主要分布于白髓区周围，其内充满大量的红细胞。肺实质导气部主要可见细支气管和终末细支气管，其中，细支气管的管腔面富含纵行皱襞，黏膜上皮为假复层柱状纤毛上皮；呼吸部可见大量的肺泡管、肺泡囊和肺泡，肺泡结构清晰可见。肾为平滑单乳头肾，由被膜和实质构成，实质可明显分为皮质与髓质，皮质内可见大量肾小体和少量结缔组织。总体而言，与其他同类型反刍动物相比较，赛加羚羊各主要器官的组织结构未见有明显差异。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to know the structural characteristics of the main organs and tissues of the world’s endangered species, S. tatarica, a national first-level protected wild animal, in this study, the paraffin tissue sectioning and light microscopy were used to examine the structures of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney structures of a female adult individual died of a fetal coat. The myocardial muscle fibers of S. tatarica are cylindrical and branched, and their nuclei are located at the edge of the cells. The ends of each branch of myocardial fiber are related to each other to form a muscle fiber network, and the intercalated disk is obvious (Fig. 1). Liver tissue structure is compact with a little interstitial tissue, while the boundary between hepatic lobules is not clear. The section of hepatic lobules is irregular polygon, and the hepatocytes are radially arranged around the central vein (Fig. 2). The capsule of spleen is thicker, the splenic trabeculae are formed by the joint of the capsule and the connective tissue of splenic portal, which are connected to each other and stretch into the splenic parenchyma to form a coarse scaffold of the spleen. The parenchymal part can be clearly divided into white and red pulps. The white pulp is mainly distributed around the arterioles in the spleen, and its internal splenic nodules are round or oval in shape. The red pulp is mainly distributed around the white pulp area, which is filled with a large number of red blood cells (Fig. 3). The bronchioles and terminal bronchioles are mainly visible in the air conduction part of the lung parenchyma, the luminal surface of bronchioles is rich in longitudinal folds, and the mucosal epithelium is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium. A large number of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli can be observed in the respiratory tract, and the alveolar structure is clearly discernible (Fig. 4). The kidney of S. tatarica belongs to monopapilla-shaped kidney, consisting of capsule and parenchyma. The parenchyma is clearly divided into cortex and medulla, a large number of renal corpuscles and a small amount of connective tissue can be observed in the cortex (Fig. 5). Compared with other ruminants, there is no significant difference in the structure of the main organs of S. tatarica. |
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