| 邓平平,施永海,徐嘉波,刘永士,蒋飞,袁新程.2020.美洲鲥产后雌雄亲本肌肉营养成分比较.动物学杂志,55(3):393-400. |
| 美洲鲥产后雌雄亲本肌肉营养成分比较 |
| Analysis on Nutritive Compositions of Muscle in Postpartum Parents of Alosa sapidissima |
| 投稿时间：2019-08-13 修订日期：2020-04-27 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202003014 |
| 中文关键词: 美洲鲥 产后亲本 营养成分 氨基酸 脂肪酸 |
| 英文关键词:Alosa sapidissima Postpartum parent Nutritive component Amino acids Fatty acids |
| 基金项目:上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目[沪农科攻字（2014）第7-1-9]，上海市科学技术委员会重点攻关项目（No. 16391900400），上海市长江口主要经济水生动物人工繁育工程技术研究中心项目（No. 13DZ2251800），上海市农业领军人才项目（沪委办2018-60号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为全面分析评估美洲鲥（Alosa sapidissima）产后雌雄亲本肌肉营养价值及差异，运用生化分析方法对产后雌雄亲本肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行营养成分测定和对比分析。结果显示，雌鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量显著低于雄鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量（P < 0.05）；雌鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于雄鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量（P < 0.05）；肌肉中水分和粗灰分在雌雄鱼之间均无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。美洲鲥产后亲本背部肌肉检测出18种氨基酸，除甘氨酸和胱氨酸含量外，雌鱼肌肉各种氨基酸含量显著低于雄鱼中含量（P < 0.05）。根据氨基酸评分（AAS），产后雌鱼第一和第二限制性氨基酸分别为缬氨酸和色氨酸，产后雄鱼第一和第二限制性氨基酸分别为色氨酸和缬氨酸。根据化学评分（CS），产后雌雄亲本第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸、第二限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸与胱氨酸组合。雌性亲本和雄性亲本必需氨基酸指数分别为81.60和82.64。在检出的11种脂肪酸中，硬脂酸（C18:0）、花生酸（C20:0）、棕榈亚酸（C16:1）和亚麻酸甲酯（C18:3n）在雌雄亲本肌肉中含量均有显著性差异（P < 0.05）。雌鱼肌肉中二十碳五烯酸（C20:5n3，EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（C22:6n3，DHA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（ΣPUFA）的平均含量比雄鱼高。美洲鲥产后亲本肌肉营养价值较低，且雌鱼肌肉营养价值比雄鱼更低。建议改善美洲鲥亲本的饲养条件和管理，作好亲本强化培育工作。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To comprehensively understand the nutritional value of postpartum parents of Alosa sapidissima, We investigated the basic nutritional compositions, amino acid and fatty acid by biochemical analysis methods. The experimental data were statistically compared with variance analysis. The data of amino acid and fatty acid compositions and contents in fodder were listed in Table 1. The results showed that the crude protein content was significantly lower in the female parent than in the male parent (P < 0.05, Table 2), while the crude fat content was significantly higher in the female parent than in the male parent (P < 0.05, Table 2). There was no significant difference in the contents of moisture and ash between the female and male (P > 0.05, Table 2). Eighteen kinds of amino acids were detected in postpartum parents, and the amino acid content was significantly lower in the female parent than in the male parent (P < 0.05, Table 3) except for glycine and cystine. The contents of total amino acids, essential amino acids, half-essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and delicious amino acids were significantly lower in the female parent than in the male parent (P < 0.05, Table 3). Based on the amino acid scores, the first and second limited amino acids of female parent were valine and tryptohan, respectively, but the first and second limited amino acids of male parent were tryptohan and valine, respectively (Table 4). Based on the chemical scores, the first limited amino acid of postpartum parents was tryptophan, and the second limited amino acids were methionine and cystine (Table 4). The essential amino acid indexes (EAAI) were 81.60 and 82.64, respectively in female parent and male parent (Table 4), while Their F values were 2.20 and 2.23, respectively (Table 4). Eleven kinds of fatty acids were detected in postpartum parents. There were significant difference in the contents of C18:0, C20:0, C16:1 and C18:3n between the female and male (P < 0.05, Table 5). The average contents of docosahexenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and ω3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) in female parent were much lower than in male parent. In conclusion, the nutritive value of muscle in postpartum parents of A. sapidissima was at a low level, the nutritional value of male parent muscle was better than that of female parent. The data are important for improving the feeding conditions and management of A. sapidissima parents and for their intensive culture. |
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