| 王龙祥,马强,司丽鸽,隋金玲,王昱.2018.河南董寨赤腹鹰孵卵节律与巢防卫行为.动物学杂志,53(4):519-527. |
| 河南董寨赤腹鹰孵卵节律与巢防卫行为 |
| Incubation Rhythm and Nest Defense Behavior of the Chinese Sparrowhawk (Accipiter soloensis) in Dongzhai Henan |
| 投稿时间：2017-12-15 修订日期：2018-06-30 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.201804003 |
| 中文关键词: 赤腹鹰 巢防卫 孵卵节律 繁殖投入 河南董寨 |
| 英文关键词:Chinese Sparrowhawk, Accipiter soloensis Nest defense Incubation rhythm Reproductive investment Dongzhai, Henan |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（No. CAFYBB2014MA014） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2016和2017年的5月至8月，在河南省董寨国家级自然保护区利用红外相机监控和野外直接观察赤腹鹰（Accipiter soloensis），对其孵卵节律和巢防卫行为进行了研究。为了更好地获得巢防卫数据，我们以人作为入侵者攀爬巢树，观察人停留在巢树上10 min内不同赤腹鹰个体的巢防卫行为。共发现赤腹鹰繁殖巢52个，累计拍摄红外照片661 306张，将15个繁殖巢内的30只个体的巢防卫行为分成了4个等级。研究表明：1）雄鸟的巢防卫等级与雄鸟的日孵卵次数（r = 0.751，n = 15，P < 0.01）、雄鸟日孵卵时间（r = 0.803，n =15，P < 0.01）、每日雌雄孵卵总时间（r = 0.527，n = 15，P < 0.05）均呈显著正相关，雌鸟的巢防卫等级与雄鸟的日孵卵次数（r = 0.717，n = 15，P < 0.01）、雄鸟的日孵卵时间（r = 0.619，n = 15，P < 0.05）呈显著正相关（Sperman rank correlation）；2）雌鸟巢防卫强度与雄鸟巢防卫强度呈显著正相关（r = 0.743，n = 15，P < 0.01）；3）亲鸟的平均离巢时间与雄鸟的日孵卵次数（r =﹣0.680，df = 11，P < 0.05）、雄鸟的日孵卵时间（r =﹣0.640，df = 11，P < 0.05）、雌鸟的孵卵次数（r =﹣0.558，df = 11，P < 0.05）、每日雌雄孵卵总时间（r =﹣0. 772，df = 11，P < 0.01）均呈负相关。可见，赤腹鹰的巢防卫强度和孵卵投入密切相关，并且配偶间的巢防卫行为存在相似性，可能与配偶选择和学习行为有关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Incubation rhythm and nest defense behavior of the Chinese Sparrowhawk (Accipiter soloensis) were studied with the aid of infrared camera during two successive breeding seasons of 2016 and 2017 in Dongzhai National Natural Reserve of Henan Province. Totally 52 nests were found and 661 306 pictures were taken during the two seasons. The breeding success rate was 51.35% (n = 74 eggs) with nest failures recorded (Fig. 1), and the King Rat Snake (Elaphe carinata) being the main predator. With the observer served as an intruder by climbing the nest tree, we recorded the nest defense behavior of 15 couples for 10 min sorted into four different nest defense levels, i.e., level Ⅰ (never approach to the nest tree except alarming), level Ⅱ (threaten people by diving but do not touch the tree leaves), level Ⅲ (threaten people by diving and touch the tree leaves), and level Ⅳ (attack people) (Fig. 2). The results of analyses showed that: 1) the males′ nest defense level exhibited extremely significantly positive correlations to both their incubation frequency (r = 0.751, n = 15, P < 0.01) and incubation time (r = 0.803, n = 15, P < 0.01), and a significantly positive correlation to the total incubation time (r = 0.527, n = 15, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the females′ nest defense level also showed an extremely significantly positive correlation to the male birds′ incubation frequency (r = 0.717, n = 15, P < 0.01) and a significantly positive correlation to incubation time (r = 0.619, n = 15, P < 0.05, Table 1); 2) the males′ nest defense level showed an extremely significantly positive correlation to that of the females (r = 0.743, n = 15, P < 0.01) (Spearman rank correlation); 3) the average absent time was significantly negatively correlated to both incubation frequency (r =﹣0. 680, df = 11, P < 0.05) and incubation time (r =﹣0. 640, df = 11, P < 0.05) of the males as well as incubation time (r =
﹣0.558, df = 11, P < 0.05) of the females, but showed an extremely significantly negative correlation to the total incubation time (r =﹣0.772, df = 11, P < 0.01) (Partial correlation) (Fig. 3). In conclusion, the more investment in incubation taken by the Chinese Sparrowhawks, the stronger nest defense behavior they demonstrated. In addition, male and female defense behavior were similar, possibly due to mate choice or learning from each other. |
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